A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people

King, Michael; Semlyen, Joanna; Tai, Sharon See; Killaspy, Helen; Osborn, David; Popelyuk, Dmitri; Nazareth, Irwin

doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-70

Cited by 1,828 publications

(1,544 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…UK and US) Diagnostic and screening measures; did not include measures of state anxiety Low‐income Brazilian women: anxiety prev 35% obese, 35.7% overweight, 31% normal weight Postpartum anxiety prev: symptoms across studies ranged from 4.7% in obese (4% in overweight, 4.2% in normal weight) to 33.3% (13.3% in overweight, 16.4% normal weight) Sawyer 2010 Search: January 2009 # incl. studies 35 Meta‐analysis: yes Ethiopian and Nigerian women Range: 101–632 (anxiety studies) Antenatal and postnatal health clinics, community All studies from Africa, most from Nigeria Most used structured clinical interviews, many used self‐administered measures, some used both Pre‐ and postnatal anxiety prevalence: 14.8% (12.3–17.4) and 14.0% (12.9–15.2) Younger women more anxious LGB and self‐harm patients King 2008 Search: 2005 # incl. studies 25 Meta‐analysis: yes Anxiety in LGB and heterosexual groups Range: 79–194 (for anxiety studies) Random sampling, multi‐stage sampling, snowball sampling, some primary studies did not specify method Community settings Standardized scales Anxiety prev: 3–20% and 3–39% in men and women Stigma and discrimination contributors Hawton 2013 Search: Nov. 2011 # incl.…”

Section: Embasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…women in early pregnancy Original Heterogeneity: different screening measures and cut‐offs Review English language papers only Published studies eligible Few studies carried out in low and middle‐income countries 6 Sawyer 2010 Search: January 2009 # incl. studies 35 Meta‐analysis: yes Longitudinal studies to determine anxiety prev at different time points during and after pregnancy Develop cross‐cultural measures of mental health Original studies Small number of studies Measurement issues, timing of mental health assessment varied (thus, anxiety trajectory over time is unclear) Few studies on antenatal mental health and associated risk factors in African women Insufficient info on how maternal psychological problems impact children Review – NR 6 LGB and self‐harm patients King 2008 Search: 2005 # incl. studies 25 Meta‐analysis: yes Prospective studies to determine risk factors of mental disorders Refine definition of sexual orientation Original studies Difficult to recruit and define LGB group Study design heterogeneity Heterogeneity in definitions of exposure and outcome Review Heterogeneity: study designs and LGB definition Small number of studies included 7 Hawton 2013 Search: Nov. 2011 # incl.…”

Section: Embasementioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations

et al. 2016

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BackgroundA fragmented research field exists on the prevalence of anxiety disorders. Here, we present the results of a systematic review of reviews on this topic. We included the highest quality studies to inform practice and policy on this issue.MethodUsing PRISMA methodology, extensive electronic and manual citation searches were performed to identify relevant reviews. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were undertaken by two reviewers. Inclusion criteria consisted of systematic reviews or meta‐analyses on the prevalence of anxiety disorders that fulfilled at least half of the AMSTAR quality criteria.ResultsWe identified a total of 48 reviews and described the prevalence of anxiety across population subgroups and settings, as reported by these studies. Despite the high heterogeneity of prevalence estimates across primary studies, there was emerging and compelling evidence of substantial prevalence of anxiety disorders generally (3.8–25%), and particularly in women (5.2–8.7%); young adults (2.5–9.1%); people with chronic diseases (1.4–70%); and individuals from Euro/Anglo cultures (3.8–10.4%) versus individuals from Indo/Asian (2.8%), African (4.4%), Central/Eastern European (3.2%), North African/Middle Eastern (4.9%), and Ibero/Latin cultures (6.2%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of anxiety disorders is high in population subgroups across the globe. Recent research has expanded its focus to Asian countries, an increasingly greater number of physical and psychiatric conditions, and traumatic events associated with anxiety. Further research on illness trajectories and anxiety levels pre‐ and post‐treatment is needed. Few studies have been conducted in developing and under‐developed parts of the world and have little representation in the global literature.

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Section: Embasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Embasementioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations

et al. 2016

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“…One of the first population-based studies estimated that 1.2% of high school students identified as transgender, with 2.5% 'not sure' of their gender 5 . Sexual and gender minority youth have been reported to have at least 1.5 times the rates of depression, suicidality and elevated rates of other mental health problems than their heterosexual or nontransgender (cisgender) peers [5][6][7][8] . This phenomenon may be due to disproportionate 'minority stress' from heteronormative (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Status of Double Minority Adolescents: Findings from National Cross-Sectional Health Surveys

Chiang

Fleming

Lucassen

et al. 2016

J Immigrant Minority Health

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“…Use of methamphetamine and other "party drugs" are especially prevalent (Gonzales, Mooney, & Rawson, 2010;Halkitis, Palamar, & Mukherjee, 2007;Lyons, Pitts, & Grierson, 2013b). In addition, rates of depression and anxiety are well above those of the heterosexual population (Chakraborty, McManus, Brugha, Bebbington, & King, 2011;Cochran, Sullivan, & Mays, 2003;King et al, 2008;Lyons, Pitts, & Grierson, 2012). However, the gay male population is far from homogeneous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Disparities Among Common Subcultural Identities of Young Gay Men: Physical, Mental, and Sexual Health

Lyons

Hosking

2014

Arch Sex Behav

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Researchers, policymakers, and health agencies have tended to treat gay men as a relatively homogeneous population, with little attention given to its many subcultural identities. In this study, we focused on young gay men and investigated a range of health-related differences according to common subcultural identities, such as Bear, Cub, and Twink. In a nationwide cross-sectional online survey of 1,034 Australian gay men aged 18-39 years, 44% reported a subcultural identity, the two most common being Cub (9%) and Twink (20%). Logistic and linear regression analyses compared Cub-and Twink-identified men and those without a subcultural identity (Non-identified) on a range of health-related outcomes. After adjusting for differences in age and body mass index (BMI), Twink-identified men had the highest risk profile overall, including significantly higher rates of smoking tobacco and alcohol consumption. They were also significantly more likely to report engaging in receptive anal sex. In addition, Cub-identified men were significantly more likely to report being in an ongoing relationship while Non-identified men were significantly less likely to report experiences of discrimination in the past 12 months. While there were differences on measures of mental health between the three groups, these were no longer significant after adjusting for age and BMI. In all, we found numerous health-related differences according to subcultural identity that warrant further investigation by researchers, health agencies, and anyone concerned with further understanding and addressing health-related challenges of gay men. , with social groups, formal societies, and dedicated venues catering to this group since at least the 1980s (Manley, Levitt, & Mosher, 2007). As a subculture, many of these men have shared identities around embodying traditional forms of masculinity and resisting stereotypes of gay men as effeminate (Filiault & Drummond, 2007). With larger body mass 4 also being a core part of identity for these men, there is potential resistance to weight loss behaviors (Gough & Flanders, 2009), which may have a bearing on health-related outcomes. KEYWORDSTwink-identified men on the other hand are typically lean, relatively young, and usually have shaved or naturally hairless bodies (Filiault & Drummond, 2007). They are arguably less organized as a social group than Bear-or Cub-identified men, but are nevertheless defined by commonly shared stereotypes as less traditionally masculine and more submissive. They also tend to be the most visible "type" on the gay scene, such as in gay bars and clubs (Filiault & Drummond, 2007), where drug use and engaging in risky sex can be relatively common (Halkitis & Parsons, 2002;Lea, Reynolds, & de Wit, 2013).To our knowledge, only one study has reported on links between health and subcultural identity (Willoughby et al., 2008). Conducted in the U.S. with 340 gay men, the study identified at least 12 subcultural identities, including Bear and Twink, with differences found on drug use and...

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A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people

Abstract: Background: Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people may be at higher risk of mental disorders than heterosexual people.

Cited by 1,828 publications

References 113 publications

A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations

A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations

Mental Health Status of Double Minority Adolescents: Findings from National Cross-Sectional Health Surveys

Health Disparities Among Common Subcultural Identities of Young Gay Men: Physical, Mental, and Sexual Health

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