A systematic review of mathematical modeling for molecular distillation technologies

Vélez, Ángela María Idárraga; Alvarado, Gustavo Adolfo Orozco; Gil, Iván D.

doi:10.1016/j.cep.2023.109289

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Monoterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, cannabinoids, flavonoids, and other compounds are naturally present in cannabis flowers. These compounds have become attractive for different industries, as they are helpful in the treatment of various health conditions, such as anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and chronic pain, among many others. , These health benefits are why interest in cannabis-based products is growing, and the processes used to extract and purify value-added compounds from cannabis have been refined over the past decade. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 These health benefits are why interest in cannabis-based products is growing, and the processes used to extract and purify valueadded compounds from cannabis have been refined over the past decade. 3,4 This sudden growth of the cannabis industry makes it necessary to further study the extraction and purification processes, which are yet to be fully understood. 5 Since many of these compounds' specific thermodynamic and transport properties are unknown, 6 it is certainly necessary to experimentally determine them to understand and improve the current purification, extraction, and separation processes and to design the unit operations involved in them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Densities and Viscosities of Cannabis Extracts and Distillates, and Densities, Viscosities, Fusion Enthalpy, and Melting Point of Cannabidiol

Idárraga-Vélez,

Gil Chaves,

Orozco

2023

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The current work reports experimental measurements of several cannabinoids and their mixtures, namely, pure cannabidiol (CBD), full-spectrum, samples with CBD contents ranging from ca. 24 to 73%, and highly concentrated Δ-9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) samples with contents of ca. 28− 69%. Mixtures were characterized by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for terpenes and cannabinoids, respectively. For pure CBD, different thermal properties were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), namely, melting point and fusion enthalpy. Furthermore, density and viscosity for pure CBD, highly concentrated CBD, and concentrated THC samples were obtained in temperature ranges of 318−403 K and 343.15−403.15 K, respectively. As the main results, the melting point and fusion enthalpy of pure CBD were determined to be 341.4 (12) K and 24.4 (1) kJ/mol, respectively. Pure CBD densities were found to vary between 945 and 980 kg/m 3 , while for THC-containing samples, values were found to vary between 960 and 1050 kg/m 3 . Finally, it was found that the terpene content strongly affected the viscosities of CBD and THC-containing samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densities and Viscosities of Cannabis Extracts and Distillates, and Densities, Viscosities, Fusion Enthalpy, and Melting Point of Cannabidiol

Idárraga-Vélez,

Gil Chaves,

Orozco

2023

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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“…[12] Furthermore, molecular distillation allows less degradation of bioactive compounds and is considered an environmentally sustainable technique since no organic solvents or chemical reagents are used during the process, reducing environmental hazards. [13] PFAD is a type of DD produced in the refining of palm oil (Elaeis guineenses). PFAD has high amounts of FFA (65.70%-94.68%), [14] and its vitamin E content is majorly composed of tocotrienols (70%-80%), while other vegetable oils contain mainly tocopherols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification effect on the recovery of vitamin E from palm oil refining residues by molecular distillation

da Silva,

Maziero,

Ballus

et al. 2023

Can J Chem Eng

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Waste edible oils are an alternative source of high‐value natural compounds. Vitamin E can be recovered from palm oil refining residues by molecular distillation. However, the presence of other lipophilic molecules compromises the selective separation of vitamin E. Esterification of the free fatty acids can enhance the selective separation of vitamin E by molecular distillation, but the conditions for carrying out the reaction need to be investigated to simultaneously ensure the conversion of free fatty acids and the reduction of vitamin E losses. Thus, this study investigated the effect of the esterification of the industrial waste on the recovery of vitamin E by molecular distillation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and analysis for fats and oils preconized by the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) were used in the characterization of the industrial waste. Determination of the best condition to carry out the reaction was obtained by a central composite rotational design (CCRD) using the response surface methodology (RSM) and the desirability profile. The results showed that the best condition for the esterification was at 64°C, 213 min, 2 wt.% sulphuric acid, and a 10/1 methanol/free fatty acids molar ratio. This reaction condition achieved 97.9% conversion of free fatty acids and less than 3% of vitamin E loss. The esterification promoted concentration of vitamin E in the residue stream (145.4%) and reduction in the distillate stream (87.8%). Therefore, the obtained results presented a suitable route to obtaining vitamin E concentrate and adding value to an industrial residue.

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A stochastic data-driven Bayesian optimization approach for intensified ethanol–water separation systems

Pérez-Ones,

Flores-Tlacuahuac

2024

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

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A systematic review of mathematical modeling for molecular distillation technologies

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Densities and Viscosities of Cannabis Extracts and Distillates, and Densities, Viscosities, Fusion Enthalpy, and Melting Point of Cannabidiol

Densities and Viscosities of Cannabis Extracts and Distillates, and Densities, Viscosities, Fusion Enthalpy, and Melting Point of Cannabidiol

Esterification effect on the recovery of vitamin E from palm oil refining residues by molecular distillation

A stochastic data-driven Bayesian optimization approach for intensified ethanol–water separation systems

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