A systematic review of longitudinal outcome studies of first-episode psychosis

Menezes, Natasja; Arenovich, Tamara; Zipursky, Robert B.

doi:10.1017/s0033291706007951

Cited by 302 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The findings also support the hypothesis that social disability occurs after the onset of psychosis (Menezes et al, 2006), with individuals in the FEP and delayed recovery groups spending significantly less time in structured activity than the ARMS and non-clinical groups.…”

Section: Summary Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

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Comparing time use in individuals at different stages of psychosis and a non-clinical comparison group

Hodgekins

French

Birchwood

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

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Social functioning difficulties are a common and disabling feature of psychosis and have also been identified in the prodromal phase. However, debate exists about how such difficulties should be defined and measured. Time spent in structured activity has previously been linked to increased psychological wellbeing in non-clinical samples and may provide a useful way of assessing social functioning in clinical settings. All three clinical groups spent significantly fewer hours per week in structured activity than individuals in the non-clinical group. Reduced activity levels were observed before the onset of psychosis in individuals with at-risk mental states. Additional reductions in activity were observed in the first-episode psychosis and delayed recovery groups compared to the at-risk mental state group. Assessing time spent in structured activity provides a useful way to assess social disability and recovery across the spectrum of psychosis.

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Section: Summary Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Social disability is also prevalent in the recovery phase, after the remission of psychotic symptoms (Menezes et al, 2006). This is hypothesised to result from the impact of psychosis on social networks and self-esteem (Gureje et al, 2004).…”

Section: Social Functioning and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing time use in individuals at different stages of psychosis and a non-clinical comparison group

Hodgekins

French

Birchwood

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

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“…A substantial proportion of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia display unfavourable outcomes in domains such as community involvement, work and independent living (Menezes et al, 2006). The positive symptoms of schizophrenia specifically hallucinations and delusions -account for a negligible proportion of the variance in such functional outcomes in clinically stable samples (Ventura et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental simulation and experience as determinants of performance expectancies in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder

Huddy

Drake

Wykes

2016

Psychiatry Research

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HighlightsWe confirmed previous findings of both impaired mental simulation ability and reduced performance expectancies in people with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls.Experience with tasks, rather than the ability to simulate them, was associated with performance expectancies in people with schizophrenia.Interventions should target problem solving, goal setting or task initiation rather than beliefs about performance. *Highlights 1 AbstractPeople with schizophrenia demonstrate both impairment in mental time travel and reduced expectancies of performance on future tasks. We aimed to reconcile these findings within the Kahneman and Tversky (1982) simulation heuristic framework by testing a key prediction that impaired future simulation would be associated with reduced performance expectancies in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZSPEC). A total of 54 individuals (30 people with SZSPEC and 24 healthy controls) generated mental simulations of everyday scenarios; after each response they rated performance expectations, distress and the similarity of the scenario to experience. Independent raters coded the coherence of responses. We found that people with SZSPEC had, compared to healthy controls, lower performance expectations and greater anticipated distress when imaging e veryday scenarios.Lower performance expectancies were associated with lower experience of similar scenarios, greater negative symptoms and social withdrawal in the SZSPEC group. The current study confirmed previous findings of both impaired mental simulation and abnormal performance expectations in people with SZSPEC, together with the association of the latter with negative symptoms. Experience with social or occupational activities plays a more important role in determining performance expectancies in people with SS than the ability to mentally simulate scenarios.

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“…However, other studies failed to find any association between outcome and the above-mentioned factors [7,13], making their clinical usefulness very poor. The reasons for these discrepancies could be numerous: firstly, the sample selections are quite different among studies, varying from very strictly criteria to observational studies; secondly, several clinical variables that could modify the antipsychotic response are often not properly take into account or not adequately assessed (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, predictors of poor outcome include a family history of schizophrenia [8], poor premorbid functioning [6,9,10], lack of insight [6,9], severe negative symptoms [4], a long duration of untreated psychosis [11] and substance misuse [12]. Nonetheless, the prognostic value of these variables remains unclear since several studies failed to find any association between outcome and the above-mentioned factors [7,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Antipsychotic Response Predictors in Schizophrenia: A Naturalistic Study

Porcelli¹

2014

JPCPY

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Studies on schizophrenia failed to find predictors of antipsychotic response, early response apart. We therefore hypothesized that early responders (ERs) could be identified by specific clinical characteristics. Two independent samples of schizophrenic patients were analyzed. Further, analyses were repeated merging the two samples (total=171). Factors associated with early response were also analyzed in patients taking first and second generation antipsychotics (FGAs and SGAs). A t test or a wilcoxon test was used to detect significant differences between ERs and early non responders (ENRs). In the investigation sample ERs had a lower illness duration (p=0.02), suffered from more severe positive (p=0.01), general (p=0.01) and hostile avoidance, that is represented by impulsivity, excitement, hostility and uncooperativeness, (p=0.01); these results were substantially confirmed in the replication sample and in the two samples merged. Results obtained in FGAs-treated patients were similar to those observed in the whole sample. In patients taking SGAs, ERs had more severe positive and depressive symptoms, without differences among other factors. In line with previous findings, the most relevant difference between ERs and ENRs was in the age, ERs being with a natural tendency younger (mean age ERs=39.6, ENRs=49.5). Regarding FGAs/SGAs differences, our results suggest that in ENRs treated with FGAs an increase of antipsychotic drug dosage seems to be of scarce benefit. Switching to a SGA might be of more clinical usefulness.

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A systematic review of longitudinal outcome studies of first-episode psychosis

Cited by 302 publications

References 84 publications

Comparing time use in individuals at different stages of psychosis and a non-clinical comparison group

Comparing time use in individuals at different stages of psychosis and a non-clinical comparison group

Mental simulation and experience as determinants of performance expectancies in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder

Early Antipsychotic Response Predictors in Schizophrenia: A Naturalistic Study

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