A systematic review of injuries in gymnastics

Thomas, Bennett C

doi:10.1080/00913847.2018.1527646

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The high and repetitive intensity of practice and competitions, the large number of events, and the technical difficulties make gymnastics one of the most injury-prone sports [48]. Our results are partially in line with those of the two review studies on injury type and frequency in gymnastics [22,23]; the authors found that most injuries affected the lower and upper extremities, followed by the back, shoulders and neck. Another recent review of 10 studies that investigated the location of injuries in female gymnasts reported the lower limbs were the most commonly injured area of the body [24].…”

Section: Injury Statussupporting

confidence: 88%

“…There is various evidence on how to effectively reduce the rate and severity of gymnast injuries while maximizing gymnastic performance, including implementing appropriate training modalities that include mental training to enhance self-esteem, maintaining the appropriate BC, maintaining adequate nutrition, using protective equipment, and spotting [23,24,51,52]. Importantly, an appropriate nutritional status evidently supports repeated training adaptation, reduces the risk of injuries and illnesses, increases the possibility for athletes to perform as expected and supports optimal health [53].…”

Section: Injury Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, measures for preventing sport-related injuries should also be included in overall physical preparedness and training/dietary strategies. Of note, the incidence and severity of injuries is relatively high among artistic gymnasts, especially advanced-level female gymnasts [22][23][24]. A recent systematic review of 12 studies including 843 female gymnasts that evaluated injury type and frequency showed that most injuries affected the lower extremities, followed by the upper extremities, the torso/spine and neck [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body Composition, Training Volume/Pattern and Injury Status of Slovenian Adolescent Female High-Performance Gymnasts

Jakše

Čuk

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Body composition (BC), training volume/pattern, and injury status are a few important factors affecting training quality and sport performance in female artistic gymnastics. We aimed to examine BC status, training volume/pattern, and injury status during the first competition period. Our cross-sectional study included 17 female gymnasts (age: 17.4 ± 4.1 years, body height: 159.8 ± 6.2 cm, and body weight: 54.8 ± 5.3 kg) who were high performance at the international and national level. The BC (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) parameters included body height and mass, body fat percentage (BF %), lean body mass (LBM), body mass index (BMI), total bone mineral density (BMD total), and total bone mineral content (BMC total). Training volume and pattern were assessed via an author-developed questionnaire, while injury status (i.e., anatomical location, symmetry and rate of injuries) was assessed via a modified questionnaire on overuse injuries used in sports injury epidemiology studies with elite-level athletes. Body composition parameters were as follows: the BMI was 21.5 ± 1.4 kg/m2, BF % was 21.9 ± 4.7%, LBM was 41.2 ± 3.4 kg, BMD total was 1.22 ± 0.08 g/cm2, and BMC total was 2486 ± 344 g. Furthermore, the average weekly volume of training was 23.5 ± 1.4 h, with the highest training volume occurring on Monday and Tuesday and high variability within gymnasts. Our study also revealed that the most frequently injured joints that had the most negative impact on training volume, sport performance and pain status were the ankles and low back, followed by the knees and shoulders. This kind of yearly screening method is warranted to allow more definitive conclusions to be made on adjusted training and preventive strategies.

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Section: Injury Statussupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Injury Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body Composition, Training Volume/Pattern and Injury Status of Slovenian Adolescent Female High-Performance Gymnasts

Jakše

Čuk

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…3 From 20% to 30% of all injuries occur in the upper extremity, with the wrist accounting for the most injuries and the shoulder having the highest rate of overuse injuries. 18,27,29 Additionally, it is estimated that up to 85% of gymnasts experience wrist pain and 60% report shoulder pain during their career. 8,33 Ligament sprains, tendinopathies, and musculotendinous strains are the most commonly diagnosed injuries, with 30% to 44% occurring because of overuse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,33 Ligament sprains, tendinopathies, and musculotendinous strains are the most commonly diagnosed injuries, with 30% to 44% occurring because of overuse. 10,18,27,29…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preseason Upper Extremity Range of Motion and Strength in Relation to In-Season Injuries in NCAA Division I Gymnasts

Heck

Zeppieri

Bruner

et al. 2021

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Gymnastics is a demanding sport that places unique forces on the upper extremity. The repetitive nature of the sport and the high-impact forces involved may predispose the gymnast to overuse injuries. Risk factors for injuries in gymnastics are not well understood. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether preseason upper extremity range of motion (ROM) and strength differ between National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I collegiate gymnasts who sustain an in-season upper extremity injury and those who do not. We hypothesized that gymnasts who sustain an upper extremity injury would demonstrate reduced ROM and strength compared with noninjured gymnasts. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Over 4 seasons, from 2014 to 2018, a total of 15 female NCAA Division I collegiate gymnasts underwent preseason upper extremity ROM (shoulder: flexion, internal and external rotation; elbow: extension; wrist: extension) and strength (shoulder: internal and external rotation, and middle and lower trapezius) testing. Overuse upper extremity injuries were tracked in each subsequent season. Gymnasts were dichotomized into injured and noninjured groups, and a 2 × 2 analysis of variance was used to measure differences in preseason measures between the groups as well as within arms (injured vs noninjured arm for the injured group; dominant vs nondominant arm for the noninjured group). Results: A total of 12 overuse upper extremity injuries (10 shoulders; 2 wrist/forearm) occurred during 31 gymnast-seasons. There were no significant interactions for preseason ROM and strength measurements between groups (injured vs noninjured) or within arms (injured and noninjured arm for the injured group; dominant and nondominant arm for the noninjured group; P = .07). Conclusion: Preseason upper extremity ROM and strength were not different between gymnasts who sustained an in-season upper extremity overuse injury and those who did not. It is possible that ROM and strength measures used to screen other overhead athletes may not capture the unique features and requirements of gymnastics. Further, it may be challenging to discern differences in clinical measures of ROM and strength in gymnastics populations owing to the bilateral nature of the sport.

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Rehabilitation of Gymnasts

Tilley

James

2019

Gymnastics Medicine

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A systematic review of injuries in gymnastics

Cited by 36 publications

References 91 publications

Body Composition, Training Volume/Pattern and Injury Status of Slovenian Adolescent Female High-Performance Gymnasts

Body Composition, Training Volume/Pattern and Injury Status of Slovenian Adolescent Female High-Performance Gymnasts

Preseason Upper Extremity Range of Motion and Strength in Relation to In-Season Injuries in NCAA Division I Gymnasts

Rehabilitation of Gymnasts

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