A systematic review of frames in news reporting of health risks: Characteristics, construct consistency vs. name diversity, and the relationship of frames to framing functions

Framing Science: How Opioid Research Is Presented in Online News Media

“…However, while these studies provide important insights into the news media's framing of the opioid epidemic in general, they do not examine the specific ways in which journalists present scholarly publications related to the prevention, harm reduction, and treatment of opioid-related disorders-a key consideration given that publics often defer to the testimony of scientists and other experts when dealing with unfamiliar issues (Nisbet et al, 2003;Maier et al, 2014;Boutron et al, 2019). Notably, the opioid epidemic is not unique in this sense; while there has been a wealth of research exploring how health issues such as cancer, vaccines, and stem cells are framed in the news media (Nisbet et al, 2003;Nerlich and Halliday, 2007;Barry et al, 2011;Jung Oh et al, 2012;Hove et al, 2015;O'Keefe et al, 2015;Dan and Raupp, 2018), relatively few studies have investigated how scholarly research about those issues is framed (see Zehr, 2000;Antilla, 2005;Ruhrmann et al, 2015;Guenther et al, 2019 for exceptions). The limited research that has suggests that scholarly publications are often framed as being valid and trustworthy in news coverage but can also be framed as uncertain or controversial-especially when they relate to politicized topics (e.g., climate change, molecular medicine).…”

Framing science: How opioid research is presented in online news media

“…However, while these studies provide important insights into the news media's framing of the opioid epidemic in general, they do not examine the specific ways in which journalists present scientific evidence related to the prevention, harm reduction, and treatment of opioid-related disorders-a key consideration given that publics often defer to the testimony of scientists and other experts when dealing with unfamiliar issues (Nisbet et al, 2003;Maier et al, 2014;Boutron et al, 2019). Notably, the opioid epidemic is not unique in this sense; while there has been a wealth of research exploring how health issues such as cancer, vaccines, and stem cells are framed in the news media (Nisbet et al, 2003;Barry et al, 2011;Dan and Raupp, 2018), relatively few studies have investigated how research about those issues is framed. As such, this study seeks to address this knowledge gap by providing insights into how scientific research about the prevention, harm reduction, and treatment of opioid-related disorders is portrayed in popular online news media.…”

“…In doing so, this study builds on the limited research investigating the portrayal of scientific evidence in the news (Zehr, 2000;Antilla, 2005;Ruhrmann et al, 2015;Guenther et al, 2019), and, more specifically, the portrayal of scientific uncertainty in such coverage (Ashe, 2013;Dan and Raupp, 2018;van der Bles et al, 2019). Previous studies have revealed a general tendency for news media to gloss over uncertainties and unknowns when covering science and health issues (Jung Oh et al, 2012;Hove et al, 2015;Schneider, 2016;Dan and Raupp, 2018).…”

“…In doing so, this study builds on the limited research investigating the portrayal of scientific evidence in the news (Zehr, 2000;Antilla, 2005;Ruhrmann et al, 2015;Guenther et al, 2019), and, more specifically, the portrayal of scientific uncertainty in such coverage (Ashe, 2013;Dan and Raupp, 2018;van der Bles et al, 2019). Previous studies have revealed a general tendency for news media to gloss over uncertainties and unknowns when covering science and health issues (Jung Oh et al, 2012;Hove et al, 2015;Schneider, 2016;Dan and Raupp, 2018). However, this tendency appears to vary by topic; unlike other science issues, media coverage of some controversial research areas, such as climate change and vaccine safety, often appears "falsely balanced"-that is, it overemphasizes scientific uncertainties, conflicting results, and contrarian perspectives in order to appear journalistically neutral (Zehr, 2000;Corbett and Durfee, 2004;Dixon and Clarke, 2013).…”

Dynamics and tipping point of issue attention in newspapers: quantitative and qualitative content analysis at sentence level in a longitudinal study using supervised machine learning and big data

“…Attribution to responsibility was the most prominent generic frame that they identified, followed by conflict, economic consequences, human interest, and morality. In other studies, additional generic frames have sometimes been identified (Matthes and Kohring 2009) or another sequence of the prominent thematic frames (Dan and Raupp 2018). Goffman (1974) argued that reframing can occur in media at any time when incongruent information becomes available and new meaningful elements arise about the situation or the issue.…”