A systematic review of factors influencing spatiotemporal variability in urban water and energy consumption

Resource-conscious urban planning and design : Exploring the potential of urban metabolism assessments

“…This research builds upon a systematic review of the factors underlying spatial and temporal variations in energy and water consumption to ensure a comprehensive consideration of potential explanatory variables for spatial variability in consumption (Voskamp et al, 2020) and consumer characteristics derived from other reviews and case studies. Voskamp et al (2020) namely used strict inclusion criteria for their review of urban metabolism (UM) literature, excluding for example studies based on survey data, because critical data quality assessment is central to their systematic approach to reviewing literature. So, although their categorization is comprehensive, the authors stress that other fields of literature should be consulted to complement their list of factors and to also assess these factors on their influence in future case studies.…”

“…indicates that this relationship is not described; and when the cell is blank, literature does not present conclusive supporting evidence of the type of correlation. References for correlations in Baiocchi et al 2015;Bich-Ngoc & Teller, 2018;Chang et al, 2017;House-Peters & Chang, 2011;Lenzen, Dey, & Foran, 2004;Porse et al, 2016;Voskamp et al, 2020, Wiedenhofer et al, 2013 data (CBS, 2016a(CBS, , 2016b. Overall, Amsterdam municipality consists of 480 neighbourhoods, with an average size of 21ha (range: 2 -1012ha), 99 districts, with an average size of 198ha (range: 17 -2899 ha), 6711 squares of 1ha and 993 squares of 2.5ha (figure 5.1).…”

“…After all, cities are typically characterised by the heterogeneity of their demographic, socio-economic, environmental and cultural characteristics that are forming complex mechanisms which underlie differences within and amongst cities (Li and Kwan, 2018;Pickett et al, 2016). Scholars agree that it is essential to acquire better understanding of the factors and mechanisms underlying urban resource demands (Cui, 2018;Villarín, 2019;Voskamp et al 2020;Zhang, Yang, & Yu, 2015). A fine level of spatial detail must be adopted in studies aiming to provide this understanding, for only then can the spatial variation of urban and resource characteristics within the city be captured (Beloin-Saint-Pierre et al, 2017;Li & Kwan, 2018;Pincetl et al, 2012;Pistoni & Bonin, 2017).…”

“…They account only for one or a small number of independent variables instead, with household size and income level being frequently studied (Bich-Ngoc and Teller, 2018;Wiedenhofer et al, 2013). Still, it is known that consumption patterns cannot be explained by individual factors but rather by a large number of interconnected factors that have direct and indirect effects (Bich-Ngoc & Teller, 2018;Voskamp et al, 2020;You & Kim, 2018). Moreover, studies that consider both water and energy demand are rare (e.g.…”

“…Chang et al, 2017;Ghavidelfar, Shamseldin, & Melville, 2017;Kennedy et al, 2015). Studies that look into spatial variability of consumption using more detailed data aggregation levels than city level and that rely upon metered data are still uncommon (Bettignies et al, 2019;Bich-Ngoc & Teller, 2018;Voskamp et al, 2020). Yet, multi-level, high resolution case studies can provide insight in the scaleand city-dependent behaviour of explanatory variables for consumption, about which still little is known (Bettignies et al, 2019;Chang 2017).…”