A Systematic Review of Effective Modifications to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Walters, Sasha; Loades, Maria; Russell, Ailsa

doi:10.1007/s40489-016-0072-2

Cited by 80 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(187 reference statements)

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“…The findings of this review suggest that, at least for individuals that present with Btraditional^PTSD symptoms, existing PTSD treatments may be effective in alleviating symptom burden with modifications to support features of ASD, such as allowing longer session durations or more sessions to give individuals time to process and verbalise their experiences (Kosatka and Ona 2014), simplifying language and reducing the use of metaphors (Carrigan and Allez 2017). Such modifications to the treatment of comorbidities in ASD are also supported by NICE guidelines (CG170, 2013, p.22), although a recent review suggests that in practice additional modifications over and above those recommended by NICE are often enlisted in the treatment of comorbidities in ASD (Walters et al 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Assessment and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Rumball

2018

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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Individual differences are known to influence the risk of trauma exposure and development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has been suggested that features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may confer such risk. This article provides a systematic review of the assessment and treatment of PTSD in individuals with ASD, in addition to summarising the rates and presentation of PTSD within this population. Twenty-four studies met eligibility criteria. PTSD in children and adolescents was found to co-occur at a similar or greater rate compared to general population estimates, although current estimates come predominantly from treatment-seeking samples. Preliminary findings from case reports suggest traditional assessments and treatments for PTSD can be effective, although there is a shortage of well-controlled research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Assessment and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Rumball

2018

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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“…Limited research exists on the treatment of co-morbid anxiety disorders in children with ASD, but the consensus is that CBT, with certain modifications, can be used as a treatment for anxiety [11]. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and a few other reviews list some guidelines in the modification of CBT for children with ASD regarding structure and content, which will be briefly summarized in Table 1 [11,34,35]: Table 1. Guidelines regarding the modification of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) according to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) [34] and literature reviews [11,35].…”

Section: Modifications For Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empowering Children with ASD and Their Parents: Design of a Serious Game for Anxiety and Stress Reduction

Carlier

Paelt

Ongenae

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction difficulties and communication difficulties. Moreover, children with ASD often suffer from other co-morbidities, such as anxiety and depression. Finding appropriate treatment can be difficult as symptoms of ASD and co-morbidities often overlap. Due to these challenges, parents of children with ASD often suffer from higher levels of stress. This research aims to investigate the feasibility of empowering children with ASD and their parents through the use of a serious game to reduce stress and anxiety and a supporting parent application. The New Horizon game and the SpaceControl application were developed together with therapists and according to guidelines for e-health patient empowerment. The game incorporates two mini-games with relaxation techniques. The performance of the game was analyzed and usability studies with three families were conducted. Parents and children were asked to fill in the Spence's Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS) and Spence Children Anxiety Scale-Parents (SCAS-P) anxiety scale. The game shows potential for stress and anxiety reduction in children with ASD.Sensors 2020, 20, 966 2 of 41 language. ASD is a heterogeneous condition: the profile of each child or adult with ASD is unique [4]. An estimated 1 in 132 individuals suffers from ASD [5]. As a result of these challenges, related to social functioning and communication, people with ASD often suffer from other conditions, such as mood swings and anxiety. It is estimated that up to 72% of children with ASD suffer from co-morbidities [6], however, co-morbidity rates remain largely unknown for ASD, as co-morbid conditions can be difficult to diagnose [7][8][9][10]. Depression and anxiety are two of the most common ASD co-morbidities with rates around 40 to 50% [11].Due to communication difficulties, children with ASD are often unable to express themselves when stressed or frustrated. Combined with unique symptoms in every child and overlap in symptoms of co-morbidities, it is challenging to find the appropriate response. As a result, temper tantrums are common, which can be an important cause of parental stress [1]. Determining the correct diagnosis or finding appropriate treatment is difficult due to the challenges in communication and uniqueness in symptoms [7].Empowering both the children and their parents by raising awareness of the child's anxiety and stress can result in better management of the child's temper tantrums, which can result in a decrease in stress and anxiety. The term "patient empowerment" is used in many different settings and domains, but no general definition exists. The consensus is that patient empowerment is used to describe situations where patients and users are encouraged to take control of their health management [12]. In other words, patient empowerment is enabling patients to actively understand their health [13], but also the support to restore a sense of hope, respect, self-efficacy and the drive to face seemingly insurmountable challenges [14...

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“…While it is encouraging that participants were able to effect change in the short term, and during a reasonably short period, it has been suggested elsewhere that this clinical population conceivably benefits from a protracted period of treatment (Walters et al, 2016). We suggest therefore, that clinicians consider what might be an optimal number of sessions, potentially in consultation with clinical supervisors or line managers.…”

Section: Cbt For Social Anxiety In Asdmentioning

confidence: 87%

Cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review

Spain

Sin

Harwood³

et al. 2017

AIA

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Purpose: Individuals who have autism spectrum disorders (ASD) commonly experience anxiety about social interaction and social situations. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a recommended treatment for social anxiety (SA) in the non-ASD population. Therapy typically comprises cognitive interventions, imagery-based work and for some individuals, behavioural interventions. Whether these are useful for the ASD population is unclear.Therefore, we undertook a systematic review to summarise research about CBT for SA in ASD.Approach: Using a priori criteria, we searched for English-language peer-reviewed empirical studies in five databases. The search yielded 1364 results. Titles, abstracts and relevant publications were independently screened by two reviewers.Findings: Four single case studies met the review inclusion criteria; data were synthesised narratively. Participants (three adults and one child) were diagnosed with ASD and social anxiety disorder. There were commonalities in interventions and techniques used: participants were encouraged to identify and challenge negative thoughts, enter anxietyprovoking social situations, and develop new ways of coping. Unlike CBT for SA in non-ASD individuals, treatment also included social skills interventions. Outcomes were assessed using self-or informant-reports. Improvements in social anxiety and depressive symptoms, social skills, and activity levels were noted. Generalisability of results is hampered, however, by the small number of studies and participants, and lack of randomised controlled trial (RCT) conditions employed.Research implications: Future studies should investigate how beliefs and behaviours indicative of SA can be ameliorated in individuals with ASD.Originality: This is the first review to synthesise empirical data about CBT for SA in ASD.CBT for social anxiety in ASD

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A Systematic Review of Effective Modifications to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cited by 80 publications

References 67 publications

A Systematic Review of the Assessment and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

A Systematic Review of the Assessment and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Empowering Children with ASD and Their Parents: Design of a Serious Game for Anxiety and Stress Reduction

Cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review

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