A systematic review of education programmes to prevent concussion in rugby union

Fraas, Michael; Burchiel, Jessica

doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1170207

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This injury causes pathophysiological developments that negatively affect the brain, this correlates with the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBI) [1]. Rugby union (hereafter referred to as rugby) has a high reported incidence of concussion, which is a trait shared with other contact and collision sports, many of which go unreported [2,3]. When players train or play matches, concussions can occur due to impact, which is associated with tackling, falling and collisions that occur at rucks or mauls [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Concussion, if not treated appropriately or recognised at a later stage, could lead to Second Impact Syndrome (SIS) [4]. Cantu et al define SIS as a catastrophic condition that occurs when an individ-ual suffers a second impact to the head before having recovered from the physiological effects of a previous concussion [3]. With more information emerging, especially in sport and recreational activities, regarding the course, etiology and linked conditions of concussion, such as SIS, the importance of managing the condition has increased [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These vital areas might play an important role in the behaviour of rugby players who sustained concussion in terms of avoiding the potential risks of concussion, such as brain damage or even death [9,10]. A lack of sufficient knowledge about concussion injuries may explain players' failure to report the suspected injury [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Concussion in Western Province Rugby Union Senior Club Rugby Players

et al. 2019

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Concussion is a frequently occurring injury in rugby which is not usually reported to coaches or medical staff. Recognition and treatment of concussion should be a priority; however, education surrounding concussion knowledge and attitudes of the players have been lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes toward concussion in Western Province Rugby Union (WPRU) Super League senior club rugby players. This study focused on gathering quantitative information from WPRU club rugby players, using the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey-Student Version (RoCKAS-ST). The correlation between the Concussion Attitude Index (CAI) and Concussion Knowledge Index (CKI) was (r=0.14). The CKI average for the players was (16.72±2.96). The participants answered 67% (16.72±2.96) of the CKI questions and 62% (46.54±5.75) of the CAI questions correctly. The participants demonstrated sufficient knowledge of concussion, as well as safe attitudes toward concussion. A small number of players lacked knowledge of symptoms and attitudes toward concussion, which may have been influenced by the importance of games. Overall, the participants in this study demonstrated superior knowledge and safe attitudes compared to other studies. The current study found that the players had good knowledge and safe attitudes regarding the severity of concussion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Concussion in Western Province Rugby Union Senior Club Rugby Players

et al. 2019

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“…In a systematic review, Fraas et al concluded that despite there being several concussion education and prevention programmes across various country Rugby Unions, there is little evidence to support their effectiveness 54. The South African BokSmart programme may influence player’s attitudes and may be associated with a reduction in catastrophic injury at the junior level 55 56.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence in support of the call to ban the tackle and harmful contact in school rugby: a response to World Rugby

2017

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In a paper published in BJSM (June 2016), World Rugby employees Ross Tucker and Martin Raftery and a third coauthor Evert Verhagen took issue with the recent call to ban tackling in school rugby in the UK and Ireland. That call (to ban tackling) was supported by a systematic review published in BJSM. Tucker et al claim that: (1) the mechanisms and risk factors for injury along with the incidence and severity of injury in youth rugby union have not been thoroughly identified or understood; (2) rugby players are at no greater risk of injury than other sports people, (3) this is particularly the case for children under 15 years and (4) removing the opportunity to learn the tackle from school pupils might increase rates of injuries. They conclude that a ban 'may be unnecessary and may also lead to unintended consequences such as an increase in the risk of injury later in participation.' Here we aim to rebut the case by Tucker et al. We share new research that extends the findings of our original systematic review and meta-analysis. A cautionary approach requires the removal of the tackle from school rugby as the quickest and most effective method of reducing high injury rates in youth rugby, a public health priority. BackgroundBeing cautious in order to protect vulnerable people, such as children, from harm is an acknowledged policy approach.1 On 1 March 2016, UK and Ireland Ministers for Sport, Education and Health were sent a letter asking them to remove the tackle and other forms of harmful contact from school rugby.2 In June 2016, two World Rugby employees Ross Tucker and Martin Raftery and a third coauthor Evert Verhagen wrote in BJSM that such action 'may be unnecessary and may also lead to unintended consequences such as an increase in the risk of injury later in participation'.3 Tucker et al make three key statements:1. 'With respect to injury surveillance in Rugby Union, particularly among youth players, it must be recognised that neither the incidence nor severity of injury have been thoroughly identified and understood, and thus nor have the specific mechanisms and risk factors for injury'.2. 'The risk of participation in Rugby Union, while warranting focus and continued efforts for primary injury prevention, does not stand out beyond that of other popular sports' and 'up to the period of adolescence (age 15 years), the risk of injury in Rugby Union is low and to other major sports'.3. Removing the tackle from school rugby may increase injuries later in life when tackling is introduced to the game by denying 'the need and opportunity to many young players to begin learning a skill set which evidence suggests is both effective (for performance) and protective later in their rugby playing careers'. They add such a ban 'may be unnecessary and may also lead to unintended consequences such as an increase in the risk of injury later in participation'."This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by BMJ Publishing Group in British Journal of Sports Medicine, available online at http://dx.doi.or...

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“…However, recent systematic and qualitative reviews of educational initiatives focused on athletes have suggested these efforts are of limited benefit. (12,13) While one could argue that these initiatives remain important when attempting to improve outcomes, we should also be challenging clinical management by clinicians. In particular, pathways emanating from the emergency departments (EDs) must be assessed, especially as concussion is a common presentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot single-centre cross-sectional study to determine emergency physicians’ knowledge and management of sports concussion: an experience from Singapore

Sirisena

Walter²,

Ong

et al. 2018

smedj

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A systematic review of education programmes to prevent concussion in rugby union

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Concussion in Western Province Rugby Union Senior Club Rugby Players

Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Concussion in Western Province Rugby Union Senior Club Rugby Players

Evidence in support of the call to ban the tackle and harmful contact in school rugby: a response to World Rugby

Pilot single-centre cross-sectional study to determine emergency physicians’ knowledge and management of sports concussion: an experience from Singapore

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