A systematic review of dermatologic manifestations among adult patients with COVID‐19 diagnosis

Abstract

Background: Infection with COVID-19 is characterized by respiratory, gastrointestinalandneurologicsymptoms.However,limitedevidenceexistsof the involvement of the integumentary system among COVID-19 patients and evidence suggests that these symptoms may even be the first presenting sign. Objective: To systematically evaluate the literature published on dermatologic signs of COVID-19 in order to educate doctors about the dermatologic signs of COVID-19 infection. Methods: Lit COVID, World Health Organization COVID-19 database and PubMed were searched using terminology to identify adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection and dermatologic manifestations of disease. The last search was completed on 13 July 2020. Results: There were 802 reports found. After exclusion, 20 articles were found with 347 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Within these articles, 27 different skin signs were reported. Limitations: Limitations of this review include the recency of COVID-19 infection; so, there are limited published reports and that many reports are not by dermatologists, and so, the cutaneous signs may be misdiagnosed or misdescribed. Conclusion: Dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19 may be the first presenting sign of infection; so, dermatologists and doctors examining the skin should be aware of the virus's influence on the integumentary system in order to promptly diagnose and treat the infected patients. K E Y W O R D S evidence-based dermatology, infection, virologyThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

New‐onset vitiligo following COVID‐19 disease

“…Dear Editor, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated to numerous cutaneous manifestations, including morbilliform and urticarial rashes, vesicular eruptions, purpuric, petechial, livedoid, and acral chilblain-like lesions. 1,2 In addition, COVID-19 vaccines can cause a variety of skin reactions, mostly similar to the ones reported after COVID-19 infection. 3,4 New onset of vitiligo and hypopigmentations have been described following COVID-19 vaccination.…”

Extra-Pulmonary Complications in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Comprehensive Multi Organ-System Review

“…COVID-induced exanthems include morbilliform or maculopapular rashes, erythema multiforme, angioedema or urticaria, and vesicular eruptions [115]. Morbilliform exanthems are the most common skin manifestation associated with COVID-19, which are self-limiting rose-colored papules and macules that tend to coalesce [115][116][117]. Erythema multiforme exanthems are also characterized by macules and papules [113].…”

“…Urticarial rashes generally manifest on the trunk and limbs and are rarely associated with angioedema [117]. Finally, vesicular cutaneous eruptions are similar to chickenpox and are characterized by monomorphic vesicles [116]. Collectively, these dermatological disturbances may be attributed to mast cell degranulation or drug-induced hypersensitivity [115].…”

Long COVID from rheumatology perspective — a narrative review

“…One systematic review conducted after the first wave of the pandemic described 27 different skin lesions in patients associated with COVID-19 infection. These included pernios (16.56%), morbilliform exanthema (13.50%), vesicular eruption (13.19%), urticaria (9.82%), erythematous exanthema (7.98%), papulosquamous-eruption (5.52), retiform purpura (3.68) and livedo-reticularis lesions (2.76%) [ 56 ].…”