A systematic review of compliance with indoor tanning legislation

Reimann, Jessica; McWhirter, Jennifer E.; Papadopoulos, Andrew; Dewey, Cate

doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5994-4

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(149 reference statements)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a systematic review, softer regulations such as allowing parental consent for the use of indoor tanning by minors or disallowing those with Fitzpatrick skin type I (very fair skin) from using solaria, have low and varied compliance levels. 33 Interestingly, countries without restrictions for minors also showed a reduction in indoor tanning over time. Such findings are illustrated by Denmark specifically, where no age limit for sunbed use exists, but after a 10-year antisunbed campaign, indoor tanning prevalence among women dropped from 32% in 2007 to 13% in 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Indoor tanning prevalence after the International Agency for Research on Cancer statement on carcinogenicity of artificial tanning devices: systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2019

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Summary Background Exposure to artificial tanning devices is carcinogenic to humans, and government regulations to restrict or ban indoor tanning appear to be increasing. Objectives We evaluated changes in the international prevalence of indoor tanning among adolescents and adults after artificial tanning devices were classified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2009. Methods Systematic searches in PubMed and Web of Science databases were undertaken. Overall, 43 studies reporting ‘ever’ or ‘past‐year’ indoor tanning exposure after 2009 were identified. We used metaregression analysis to evaluate the prevalence of indoor tanning over time. Random effects meta‐analysis was used to summarize the prevalence of indoor tanning in adolescents and adults according to sex, region and presence of age prohibitions. Results Global prevalence of indoor tanning in adolescents for 2013–2018 was 6·5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3·3–10·6], 70% lower than the 22·0% (95% CI 17·2–26·8) prevalence for 2007–2012. Among adults, the prevalence was 10·4% (95% CI 5·7–16·3) for 2013–2018, a decrease of 35% from 18·2% for 2007–2012. Since 2009, the overall past‐year prevalence among adolescents was 6·7% (95% CI 4·4–9·6) and 12·5% (95% CI 9·5–15·6) among adults. The prevalence of tanning indoors in the past year was similar in North America (adults, 12·5%; adolescents, 7·6%) and Europe (adults, 11·1%; adolescents, 5·1%). In 2009, three countries had regulations restricting indoor tanning, compared with 26 countries today. Conclusions Prevalence of indoor tanning has declined substantially and significantly in adolescents and adults since the 2009 IARC statement, reflecting the rise in regulations that limit this source of unnecessary exposure to carcinogenic ultraviolet radiation. What is already known about this topic? Indoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of melanoma. A meta‐analysis of worldwide indoor tanning prevalence for 1986–2012 found a past‐year prevalence of 18% in adolescents and 14% in adults, with higher prevalences during the period 2007–2012. Policies to regulate indoor tanning began to be implemented across the globe in 2009. Only one study carried out in the U.S.A. has evaluated the efficacy of such policies in reducing indoor tanning prevalence. What does this study add? For the period 2013–2018, we found indoor tanning prevalences of 6·7% in adolescents and 11·9% in adults. This implies a reduction in indoor tanning use of 70% in adolescents and 35% in adults during the last 10 years. Our study encourages policy makers to strengthen indoor tanning regulations that reduce sunbed use among the general population in order to produce maximum public health benefit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor tanning prevalence after the International Agency for Research on Cancer statement on carcinogenicity of artificial tanning devices: systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2019

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“…We did not, however, find between-year differences for any season. Previous research on age-related compliance with indoortanning legislation from the US suggests there is a trend towards greater compliance with greater time lapse between implementation and evaluation (Reimann et al 2018). Should this study be repeated further out from when the legislation was enacted, our findings might be different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Assessing a ban on the use of UV tanning devices among adolescents in Ontario, Canada: first-year results

Nadalin

Marrett

Cawley

et al. 2018

Can J Public Health

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Objectives To describe the effect of the first year of a ban on UV tanning device (beds, lamps) use among those under 18 years of age in Ontario, Canada. Methods Online questionnaires were completed by adolescents in grades 7 to 12, aged less than 18 years: one when the ban was enacted (May 2014) and a second a year later (May 2015). Questionnaires asked grade, age, sex, and about use of UV tanning devices in the previous year. Recent users were asked about length, frequency, and location of use; service refusals and reasons; awareness of signs/warning labels; and use of eye protection. Weighted estimates and confidence intervals were generated. Results There were 1561 participants in 2014 and 2305 in 2015. No reduction was observed in UV tanning device use (6.9% vs. 7.9%) in the 12 months preceding the survey. In 2015, most respondents used UV tanning devices in beauty establishments, which was a shift away from gyms and fitness centres as seen in 2014. Non-significant increases occurred in the proportions noticing warning signs/labels (57% vs. 71%), required to wear eye protection (92% vs. 99%), and refused service (17% vs. 21%). Most adolescents who were refused service did not use tanning devices that year (72%). Conclusion Use did not change in the year following enactment of a ban on UV tanning devices among youth in Ontario. The ban did lead to improvements in service refusal, awareness of warning signage, and use of eye protection. As service refusal deterred future use, enhanced enforcement is important.

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“…The compliance with indoor tanning legislation remains an important issue. The mean compliance with age restrictions and warning labels was 65% and 44%, respectively 28 . Our study demonstrated a decreased median time to the development of the second primary in tanners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Indoor tanning exposure in association with multiple primary melanoma

Karapetyan

Yang

Wang

et al. 2020

Cancer

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Background Patients with primary cutaneous melanoma are at increased risk for subsequent new primary melanomas. Indoor tanning is a recognized risk factor for melanoma. This study was aimed at determining the association between indoor tanning and the occurrence of multiple primary melanoma. Methods This was a retrospective case‐control study of cases with multiple primary melanoma and sex‐matched controls with single primary melanoma retrieved at a 1:2 ratio from the Biological Sample and Nevus Bank of the Melanoma Center of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between multiple primary melanoma and risk factors. Results In total, 330 patients (39.1% men) with a median age of 51 years were enrolled. Compared with patients who had a single primary melanoma, patients with multiple melanomas were younger at the diagnosis of their first primary melanoma and were more likely to be discovered at stage 0 or I and to have had indoor tanning exposure, a family history of melanoma, atypical moles, dysplastic nevi, and a Breslow thickness less than 1 mm. Compared with patients' first melanomas, subsequent melanomas were more likely to be thinner or in situ. The estimated probability of the locus for the second primary being the same as that for the first primary melanoma was 34%. In a multivariate analysis after adjustments for age, a family history of melanoma, the presence of atypical and dysplastic nevi, and recreational sun exposure, indoor tanning remained significantly associated with the occurrence of multiple primary melanoma (odds ratio, 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.07‐7.08; P = .0356). Conclusions Indoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of second primary melanoma. Subsequent melanomas are more likely to be thin or in situ and to occur in different anatomic locations.

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A systematic review of compliance with indoor tanning legislation

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Indoor tanning prevalence after the International Agency for Research on Cancer statement on carcinogenicity of artificial tanning devices: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Indoor tanning prevalence after the International Agency for Research on Cancer statement on carcinogenicity of artificial tanning devices: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Assessing a ban on the use of UV tanning devices among adolescents in Ontario, Canada: first-year results

Indoor tanning exposure in association with multiple primary melanoma

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