A systematic review of cognitive decline in the general elderly population

Park, Helen L.; O’Connell, Janice; Thomson, Richard

doi:10.1002/gps.1023

Cited by 241 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Although a very mild cognitive impairment cannot be ruled out, such impairment would be unlikely to significantly affect diet. The inverse association of cognitive function with age is well known (33) and reflects the underlying association of ageing with both the distinct entities, Alzheimer's and vascular dementia, and a nosologically poorly characterized mild cognitive impairment that may appear without progression to overt dementia (1) . Also well documented in the literature is the positive association of MMSE score with years of formal schooling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, physical activity and cognitive impairment among elders: the EPIC–Greece cohort (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)

Ψαλτοπούλου

Kyrozis

Stathopoulos

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

152

114

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, physical activity and cognitive impairment among elders: the EPIC–Greece cohort (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)

Ψαλτοπούλου

Kyrozis

Stathopoulos

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

152

114

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“…Although cognitive decline is linked with aging, the rate of this decline in aging is highly variable (Fillit et al 2002;Park, O'Connell, & Thomson, 2003) and can depend on a variety of individual differences, including exaggerated inflammatory responses (Tegeler et al, 2016;Tuenissen et al, 2003;Yaffe et al, 2003) and elevated body mass (Memel, Bourassa, Woolverton, & Sbarra, 2016), as well as a host of psychosocial and health behavior variables (e.g., social engagement, physical health, physical activity, and depression (Bourassa, Memel, Woolverton, & Sbarra, 2015). With the rate of adults 65 years and older rising relative to the overall population in almost all developed countries (Restrepo & Rozental, 1994), understanding what risk factors are associated with cognitive decline is essential for developing interventions to promote successful aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass and cognitive decline are indirectly associated via inflammation among aging adults

Bourassa

Sbarra

2017

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Inflammatory models of neurodegeneration suggest that higher circulating levels of inflammation can lead to cognitive decline. Despite established independent associations between greater body mass, increased inflammation, and cognitive decline, no prior research has explored whether markers of systemic inflammation might mediate the association between body mass and changes in cognitive functioning. To test such a model, we used two longitudinal subsamples (ns = 9066; 12,561) of aging adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) study, which included two cognitive measures components of memory and executive functioning, as well as measurements of body mass and systemic inflammation, assessed via Creactive protein (CRP). Greater body mass was indirectly associated with declines in memory and executive functioning over 6 years via relatively higher levels of CRP. Our results suggest that systemic inflammation is one biologically plausible mechanism through which differences in body mass might influence changes in cognitive functioning among aging adults.

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“…It is well documented that normal aging is associated with deterioration in cognitive (Park et al, 2003;Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004) and motor functioning (Spirduso, 1982;Welford, 1988;Seidler and Stelmach, 1995). Particularly with respect to cognitive aging, neuroimaging studies have demonstrated repeatedly that older individuals demonstrate differential activity in the same brain areas or use other brain areas when compared with younger subjects, even when behavioral performance is matched (Grady, 2000;Cabeza, 2001;Reuter-Lorenz, 2002;Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Basis of Aging: The Penetration of Cognition into Action Control

Heuninckx

Wenderoth²,

Debaere³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

400

319

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Although functional imaging studies have frequently examined age-related changes in neural recruitment during cognitive tasks, much less is known about such changes during motor performance. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate age-related changes in cyclical hand and/or foot movements across different degrees of complexity. Right-handed volunteers (11 young, 10 old) were scanned while performing isolated flexion-extension movements of the right wrist and foot as well as their coordination, according to the "easy" isodirectional and "difficult" nonisodirectional mode. Findings revealed activation of a typical motor network in both age groups, but several additional brain areas were involved in the elderly. Regardless of the performed motor task, the elderly exhibited additional activation in areas involved in sensory processing and integration, such as contralateral anterior insula, frontal operculum, superior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, secondary somatosensory area, and ipsilateral precuneus. Age-related activation differences during coordination of both segments were additionally observed in areas reflecting increased cognitive monitoring of motor performance, such as the pre-supplementary motor area, pre-dorsal premotor area, rostral cingulate, and prefrontal cortex. In the most complex coordination task, the elderly exhibited additional activation in anterior rostral cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, known to be involved in suppression of prepotent response tendencies and inhibitory cognitive control. Overall, these findings are indicative of an age-related shift along the continuum from automatic to more controlled processing of movement. This increased cognitive monitoring of movement refers to enhanced attentional deployment, more pronounced processing of sensory information, and intersensory integration.

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A systematic review of cognitive decline in the general elderly population

Cited by 241 publications

References 59 publications

Diet, physical activity and cognitive impairment among elders: the EPIC–Greece cohort (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)

Diet, physical activity and cognitive impairment among elders: the EPIC–Greece cohort (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)

Body mass and cognitive decline are indirectly associated via inflammation among aging adults

Neural Basis of Aging: The Penetration of Cognition into Action Control

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