A Systematic Review Approach to Find Robust Items of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory

Abstract

The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) is one of the most well-known and widely used measures of time perspective. Various short versions were proposed to resolve the psychometric problems of the ZTPI. The present study conducted a systematic review to obtain 25 short versions, calculated the frequency of each item of the ZTPI in short versions, and hypothesized that the more frequent the item is, the more robust it becomes. The hypothesis was tested by assessing the structural validity and internal consistency of short forms with high, medium, and low frequent items in Chinese samples (575 children, 407 undergraduates, and 411 older adults). Structural validity and internal consistency analyses showed that the form with more frequent items had better psychometric properties; item frequencies were positively correlated with factor loadings. The results suggest that the systematic review is an effective approach to identify the robust items of the ZTPI. This approach is general and can be the basis to improve the psychometric properties of scales in social science.

Relationship between Decision-Making, Time Perspective and Stress

“…The next page was followed by the three measures, in chronological order: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen et al, 1983), the General Decision-Making Style Inventory (GDMS) (Scott & Bruce, 1995), and the short version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPIshort) (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). Including the demographic questionnaire and all the scales, participants took 15 minutes to complete the survey (Bavolar & Bacikova-Sleskova, 2020;Pangtey et al, 2020;Peng et al, 2021).…”

Perspectiva temporal: Una revisión sistematizada de su relación empírica con factores socioeconómicos y psicológicos

“…Es importante señalar diferencias metodológicas entre estudios que utilizan un mismo enfoque. Principalmente se ha criticado la proliferación de versiones cortas del ZTPI, suscitando algunas propuestas para la revisión de los ítems más robustos del instrumento (Peng, et al, 2021). Ya que en algunos casos las estructuras varían mucho de acuerdo a la selección de ítems para formar modelos, aun cuando en teoría se están midiendo los mismos factores en todas las investigaciones que utilizan el instrumento.…”

A pilot study of how the past, present, and future are represented in three-dimensional space

“…For example, in an exploratory study by Zimbardo and Boyd, time perspective was categorized into five factors: the Past-Negative factor, which reflects a negative and aversive view of the past; the Present-Hedonistic factor, which reflects a hedonistic attitude toward time and life; the Future factor, which reflects a general future orientation; the Past-Positive factor, which reflects a positive view of the past; and the Present-Fatalistic factor, which reflects a fatalistic, helpless, and hopeless attitude toward the future and life ( Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999 ). The questionnaire “Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI)” created by Zimbardo and Boyd has been used in previous studies that have investigated how the attitudes toward the past, present, and future vary in different populations and how those attitudes would affect human behaviors, as has been reviewed by Peng et al (2021) . The ability to maintain a balance among the five perspectives without being biased toward a specific time perspective has been suggested as a healthy attitude ( Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999 ; Mooney et al, 2017 ; Wiberg et al, 2017 ) and even increases cognitive performance ( Witowska and Zajenkowski, 2021 ).…”