A systematic review and network meta-analysis of bacterial and viral vaccines, administered at or near arrival at the feedlot, for control of bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle

Abstract

Vaccination against putative causal organisms is a frequently used and preferred approach to controlling bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) because it reduces the need for antibiotic use. Because approximately 90% of feedlots use and 90% of beef cattle receive vaccines in the USA, information about their comparative efficacy would be useful for selecting a vaccine. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of studies assessing the comparative efficacy of vaccines to control BRD when administered to beef cattle at or near their arrival at the feedlot. We searched MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, MEDLINE

Editorial: Systematic reviews reveal a need for more, better data to inform antimicrobial stewardship practices in animal agriculture

“…Articles in this special issue include scoping reviews of systematic reviews in animal health (Vriezen et al, 2019a) and of non-antibiotic approaches to reduce the need for antibiotic treatments in beef and veal production (Wisener et al, 2019). The systematic reviews with meta-analyses or network meta-analyses include an assessment of the efficacy of vaccines and injectable antibiotics administered on arrival to control respiratory disease in feedlot cattle (O'Connor et al, 2019a(O'Connor et al, , 2019b; the efficacy of teat sealants, antibiotics at dry off, selective dry cow treatment to reduce the incidence of mastitis and intra-mammary infection in early lactation, and the efficacy of antibiotics to treat clinical mastitis in dairy cattle (Winder et al, 2019a(Winder et al, , 2019b(Winder et al, , 2019c(Winder et al, , 2019d; the comparative efficacy of litter type for preventing illness in broiler chickens (Sargeant et al, 2019a); the efficacy of antibiotics to prevent colibacillosis in broiler chickens (Sargeant et al, 2019b); and the efficacy of bacterial vaccines and of preventive antibiotics to prevent respiratory disease in swine (Sargeant et al, 2019c(Sargeant et al, , 2019d. Finally, an evaluation of the methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating preventive antibiotics or management to reduce disease in livestock species is included (Vriezen et al, 2019b).…”

“…In some instances, intervention comparisons were only evaluated in a single trial, without a common intervention connecting that trial to another in the literature. The mastitis treatment review (Winder et al ., 2019 d ), beef vaccine review (O'Connor et al ., 2019 a ), and poultry litter review (Sargeant et al ., 2019 a ) provide good examples of these disparate networks. The value of connected networks of evidence can be seen by contrasting the ability to reach conclusions for those reviews compared to the beef feedlot antibiotic review (O'Connor et al ., 2019 b ), where the interventions were very well connected.…”

Preparation and efficacy of freeze-dried inactivated vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus genotypes 1 and 2, bovine herpes virus type 1.1, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus

“…Vaccination against the presumed causal organisms is a commonly used tactic to assist in the prevention of BRD. With significant concern for prudent antibiotic use in the beef industry, it is vital that decision making with regards BRD management be based on understanding of the efficacy of vaccination programs and management factors that might modify the efficacy of the preventive management practice [ 26 ].…”

“…It is a multi-factorial syndrome where the viral infection combines with the bacterial agents, and intensified by stress [ 3 ]. The viruses involved with BRD include bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpes virus (BoHV), bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI-3V), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) [ 4 ].…”

Genes and Mechanisms Associated With Experimentally Induced Bovine Respiratory Disease Identified With Supervised Machine Learning Methodology on Integrated Transcriptomic Datasets

“…Additionally, cattle experimentally exposed to these agents often fail to develop severe clinical BRD, demonstrating the underlying complexity of the disease and the requirement of implied predisposing factors 18,19 . Consequentially, current vaccination protocols possess varying effects in reducing ongoing rates of morbidity and mortality associated with BRD, and targeted antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance is of particular public interest 20,21,22,23,24,25 . Therefore, research is needed to elucidate underlying host mechanisms associated with infectious BRD that represent biological components and regulatory functions amendable to manipulation to improve disease response and clinical diagnosis.…”