A systematic review and meta-analysis of elevated blood pressure and consumption of dairy foods

Ralston, Robin A.; Lee, Jia; Truby, Helen; Palermo, Claire; Walker, Karen Z.

doi:10.1038/jhh.2011.3

Cited by 207 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Our results concurred with a metaanalysis of 5 prospective cohort studies conducted among populations in the United States and Europe, which found a significant 13% reduction in hypertension risk comparing the highest with the lowest category of total dairy intake (14). However, the dosage substantially varied in different studies: Heart Study in the United States indicated a significant 8% risk reduction in hypertension with each 1-serving/wk increase in total dairy product intake, but the corresponding association for each 1-serving/wk increase in fluid milk was null (10).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This makes an opportunity to investigate the potential association with the risk of hypertension at a lower range of dairy intake. Some dietary guidelines (14,24) recommend consumption of 2-3 cups of dairy/d. Our study suggests that 1 cup milk/d may also be protective against hypertension in the Chinese population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcium has been repeatedly proposed as the reason for the potential benefits of dairy intake in reducing blood pressure and the risk of hypertension (4,13,14). However, its independent association was hard to assess in epidemiological studies in high-dairy intake populations because dairy products are the major source of calcium in these populations; thus it is difficult, if not impossible, to eliminate a residual confounding effect of dairy food on the calcium-hypertension risk association.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dairy Food Intake Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Hypertension: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

Talaei

Pan

Yuan

et al. 2017

The Journal of Nutrition

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dairy Food Intake Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Hypertension: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

Talaei

Pan

Yuan

et al. 2017

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…Thus, the use of total dairy intake may not reveal the underlying relationships between milk and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents. Furthermore, the lack of association observed between CMRS and cheese may be, in part, explained by the higher fat, sodium, and lower potassium held by cheese compared with milk and other fluid dairy food [38]. On the other hand, the preponderance of evidence, mostly in adults, indicates that milk intake is more likely to be associated with beneficial cardiometabolic outcomes [13], [39], [40] and [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of milk, but not total dairy, yogurt, or cheese, is negatively associated with the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents

Abreu

Moreira

et al. 2014

Nutrition Research

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Epidemiologic studies have reported an inverse association between dairy product consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults, but this relation is relatively unexplored in adolescents. We hypothesized that a higher dairy product intake is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factor clustering in adolescents. To test this hypothesis, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 494 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years from the Azorean Archipelago, Portugal. We measured fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, body fat, and cardiorespiratory fitness. We also calculated homeostatic model assessment and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. For each one of these variables, a z score was computed using age and sex. A cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS) was constructed by summing up the z scores of all individual risk factors. High risk was considered to exist when an individual had at least 1 SD from this score. Diet was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire, and the intake of total dairy (included milk, yogurt, and cheese), milk, yogurt, and cheese was categorized as low (equal to or below the median of the total sample) or "appropriate" (above the median of the total sample).The association between dairy product intake and CMRS was evaluated using separate logistic regression, and the results were adjusted for confounders. Adolescents with high milk intake had lower CMRS, compared with those with low intake (10.6% vs 18.1%, P = .018). Adolescents with appropriate milk intake were less likely to have high CMRS than those with low milk intake (odds ratio, 0.531; 95% confidence interval, 0.302-0.931). No association was found between CMRS and total dairy, yogurt, and cheese intake. Only milk intake seems to be inversely related to CMRS in adolescents.

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“…However, the potential health impacts of animal-derived foods, and more specifically Proceedings of the Nutrition Society milk and dairy consumption, have been questioned owing to their high saturated fat content (for review, see (3) ). However, emerging epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of milk and dairy consumption on health, particularly cardiometabolic health (4)(5)(6) .…”

Section: Dairy Protein: Metabolic Health: Blood Pressure: Vascular Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Can milk proteins be a useful tool in the management of cardiometabolic health? An updated review of human intervention trials

2016

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The prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases is a significant public health burden worldwide. Emerging evidence supports the inverse association between greater dairy consumption and reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Dairy proteins may have an important role in the favourable impact of dairy on human health such as blood pressure (BP), blood lipid and glucose control. The purpose of this review is to update and critically evaluate the evidence on the impacts of casein and whey protein in relation to metabolic function. Evidence from short-term clinical studies assessing postprandial responses to milk protein ingestion suggests benefits on vascular function independent of BP, as well as improvement in glycaemic homeostasis. Long-term interventions have been less conclusive, with some showing benefits and others indicating a lack of improvement in vascular function. During chronic consumption BP appears to be lowered and both dyslipidaemia and hyperglacaemia seem to be controlled. Limited number of trials investigated the effects of dairy proteins on oxidative stress and inflammation. Although the underlying mechanisms of milk proteins on cardiometabolic homeostasis remains to be elucidated, the most likely mechanism is to improve insulin resistance. The incorporation of meals enriched with dairy protein in the habitual diet may result in the beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. Nevertheless, future well-designed, controlled studies are needed to investigate the relative effects of both casein and whey protein on BP, vascular function, glucose homeostasis and inflammation.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of elevated blood pressure and consumption of dairy foods

Cited by 207 publications

References 37 publications

Dairy Food Intake Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Hypertension: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

Dairy Food Intake Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Hypertension: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

Intake of milk, but not total dairy, yogurt, or cheese, is negatively associated with the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents

Can milk proteins be a useful tool in the management of cardiometabolic health? An updated review of human intervention trials

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