A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary patterns and depression in community-dwelling adults

Lai, Jun Shi; Hiles, Sarah A.; Bisquera, Alessandra; Hure, Alexis; McEvoy, Mark; Attia, John

doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.069880

Cited by 580 publications

(444 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This association seems to be consistent across countries, cultures and populations according to several systematic reviews and meta-analyses (26)(27)(28) . These systematic reviews included not only adults but also other populations, included retrospective or cross-sectional studies without longitudinal data and finally, occasionally included studies that really did not assess the effect of an overall food pattern, but only of food items or food groups.…”

Section: Available Longitudinal Evidence On Food Patterns and The Rissupporting

confidence: 60%

Food patterns and the prevention of depression

Martínez‐González

Sánchez‐Villegas

2016

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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An emerging field of research in nutritional epidemiology is the assessment of several links between nutritional quality and mental health. Specifically, some studies have pointed out that several food patterns could be associated with a reduced risk of depression among adults. This association seems to be consistent across countries, cultures and populations according to several systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. Some previously described food patterns, specifically the Mediterranean Food Pattern, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, the Prudent diet or the Provegetarian Food Pattern may be effective to reduce the future risk of depression. Among them, only the Mediterranean Food Pattern has been tested for primary prevention in a large randomised trial, but the inverse association found was not statistically significant. The scientific report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee concluded that current evidence is still limited. Notwithstanding, this field is promising and, according to large and well-conducted observational studies, food patterns potentially associated with reduced risk of depression are those emphasising seafood, vegetables, fruits and nuts. There is a need to assess whether differences in the intake of some micro or macronutrients between these dietary patterns can make a difference in their association with a lower risk of depression. Moreover, the shape of the dose–response curve and the potential existence of a nonlinear threshold effect have not yet been established.

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Section: Available Longitudinal Evidence On Food Patterns and The Rissupporting

confidence: 60%

Food patterns and the prevention of depression

Martínez‐González

Sánchez‐Villegas

2016

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Although medications also contribute to CVD risk factors, lifestyle factors such as poor diet (e.g. low fibre, high fat, high sugar) have been identified as independent contributors [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

People with schizophrenia and depression have a low omega-3 index

Parletta

Zarnowiecki

Cho

et al. 2016

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is higher in people with mental illness and is associated with a 30 year higher mortality rate in this population. Erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plus eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (omega-3 index)≤4% is a marker for increased mortality risk from CVD while >8% is protective. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are also important for brain function and may ameliorate symptoms of mental illness. We investigated the erythrocyte omega-3 index in people with mental illness. One hundred and thirty adults aged 18-65 years (32.6% male) with schizophrenia (n=14) and depression (n=116) provided blood samples and completed physiological assessments and questionnaires. Both populations had risk factors for metabolic syndrome and CVD. The average omega-3 index was 3.95% (SD=1.06), compared to an estimated 5% in the Australian population. These data indicate an unfavourable omega-3 profile in people with mental illness that could contribute to higher CVD risk. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is higher in people with mental illness and is associated with a 30 year higher mortality rate in this population. Erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plus eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (omega-3 index) ≤ 4% is a marker for increased mortality risk from CVD while >8% is protective. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are also important for brain function and may ameliorate symptoms of mental illness. We investigated the erythrocyte omega-3 index in people with mental illness. One hundred and thirty adults aged 18-65 years (32.6% male) with schizophrenia (n=14) and depression (n=116) provided blood samples and completed physiological assessments and questionnaires. Both populations had risk factors for metabolic syndrome and CVD. The average omega-3 index was 3.95% (SD=1.06), compared to an estimated 5% in the Australian population. These data indicate an unfavourable omega-3 profile in people with mental illness that could contribute to higher CVD risk.

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“…As a result, mental health theories have been extended to global populations to test their applicability. In some cases, current theories have been further confirmed (e.g., Lai et al, 2014;Gupta et al, 2013), whereas in other cases they have revealed cross-cultural differences, resulting in the need to reformulate current theories (e.g., Neese, Pittman, & Hunemorder, 2013;Seiffge-Krenke et al, 2013). This has contributed to the maturation of developmental theories --such that the individual-context fit, and the bidirectional nature development are now being investigated (e.g., Lerner, 1995;Abo-Zena & Ahmed, 2014;Hafen, Spilker, Chango, Marston, & Allen, 2014).…”

Section: General Trends In Adolescent and Emerging Adulthood Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%