A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Exercise Intervention for the Treatment of Calf Muscle Pump Impairment in Individuals with Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Abstract

++High quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a very low risk of bias 1 + Well conducted meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or RCTs with a low risk of bias 1 -Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or RCTs with a high risk of bias 2 ++ High quality systematic reviews of case control or cohort studies High quality case control or cohort studies with a very low risk of confounding or bias and a high probability that the relationship is causal 2 + Well conducted case control or cohort studies with a low risk of confounding or bias and a moderate probability that the relationship is causal 2 -Case control or cohort studies with a high risk of confounding or bias and a significant risk that the relationship is not causal 3Non-analytic studies, eg case reports, case series NHS Quality Improvement Scotland (NHS QIS) is committed to equality and diversity and assesses all its publications for likely impact on the six equality groups defined by age, disability, gender, race, religion/belief and sexual orientation.SIGN guidelines are produced using a standard methodology that has been equality impact assessed to ensure that these equality aims are addressed in every guideline. This methodology is set out in the current version of SIGN 50, our guideline manual, which can be found at www.sign.ac.uk/guidelines/fulltext/50/index.html. The EQIA assessment of the manual can be seen at www.sign. ac.uk/pdf/sign50eqia.pdf. The full report in paper form and/or alternative format is available on request from the NHS QIS Equality and Diversity Officer.Every care is taken to ensure that this publication is correct in every detail at the time of publication. However, in the event of errors or omissions corrections will be published in the web version of this document, which is the definitive version at all times. This version can be found on our web site www.sign.ac.uk.This document is produced from elemental chlorine-free material and is sourced from sustainable forests.

Multi- and Single-Joint Resistance Exercises Promote Similar Plantar Flexor Activation in Resistance Trained Men

“…To the best of our knowledge, this the first study to compare calf muscle activation between MJ and SJ exercises. The present results have many potentially important applications, since exercises oriented for the plantar flexors might be useful in chronic venous insufficiency and venous leg ulcers [ 36 , 37 ], rehabilitation [ 38 ], orthostatic tolerance [ 39 ], balance [ 40 , 41 ], prevention of falls [ 40 ], and functionality [ 41 ]. Based on our results, one can choose between MJ and SJ when aiming at activating the plantar flexors.…”

“…Although plantar flexors are not commonly studied, their morphology and function might be important in clinical conditions such as chronic venous insufficiency and venous leg ulcers [ 36 , 37 ]. Moreover, strengthening the plantar flexors might have important applications in rehabilitation [ 38 ], to maintain orthostatic tolerance during exposure to microgravity [ 39 ], to improve balance [ 40 , 41 ], decrease the risk of falls [ 40 ], treat Achilles tendinopathy [ 42 ], and improve functionality [ 41 ].…”

The efficiency of exercise training in patients with venous insufficiency: A double blinded, randomized controlled trial

“…9 Exercise therapy enhances the ejection fraction and diminished the residual venous fraction in the lower extremity in patients with VI. 10 It is known that strengthening and aerobic exercises improve the muscle strength, gait velocity and functional capacity of the healthy adults. 11 However, there is no sufficient evidence about the effectiveness of exercise therapy on quality of life (QoL), reflux, vein diameter, muscle strength, clinical severity, symptoms, functional capacity, and gait velocity.…”

Health literacy in people with venous leg ulcers: a protocol for scoping review

“…Both general and VLUspecific HL may affect VLU outcomes through affecting patient's adoption of health behaviours. Improvements in general and specific HL may improve patient knowledge and understanding of the benefits of adhering to VLU self-management recommendations [25][26][27] and support patients to adopt healthy behaviours in line with the agreed plan. For example, when choosing compression hosiery, patients may rely on HL to critique the options based on their analysis of comfort 28 which may be opposed to achieving maximum therapeutic benefit.…”