A systematic literature review on indoor PM2.5 concentrations and personal exposure in urban residential buildings

Hongqiang, Yu Liu; Zhang, Na; Luo, Xinmei

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10174

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…The ratios would be 4–130 000 for particles ≤2.5 μm . As reviewed by Liu et al, indoor particles ≤2.5 μm concentrations are usually within a few hundred micrograms per cubic meter, 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the WHO guidelines (5 μg/m 3 ) . Therefore, under the general condition, one can expect that particle absorption via wearing a mask would be much lower than via outdoor and indoor air breathing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Disposable Polypropylene Face Masks: A Potential Source of Micro/Nanoparticles and Organic Contaminates in Humans

Guo

Liu

Xiang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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We have been effectively protected by disposable propylene face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, they may pose health risks due to the release of fine particles and chemicals. We measured micro/nanoparticles and organic chemicals in disposable medical masks, surgical masks, and (K)N95 respirators. In the breathing-simulation experiment, no notable differences were found in the total number of particles among mask types or between breathing intensities. However, when considering subranges, <2.5 μm particles accounted for ∼90% of the total number of micro/nanoparticles. GC-HRMS-based suspect screening tentatively revealed 79 (semi)volatile organic compounds in masks, with 18 being detected in ≥80% of samples and 44 in ≤20% of samples. Three synthetic phenolic antioxidants were quantified, and AO168 reached a median concentration of 2968 ng/g. By screening particles collected from bulk mask fabrics, we detected 18 chemicals, including four commonly detected in masks, suggesting chemical partition between the particles and the fabric fibers and chemical exposure via particle inhalation. These particles and chemicals are believed to originate from raw materials, intentionally and nonintentionally added substances in mask production, and their transformation products. This study highlights the need to study the long-term health risks associated with mask wearing and raises concerns over mask quality control.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Disposable Polypropylene Face Masks: A Potential Source of Micro/Nanoparticles and Organic Contaminates in Humans

Guo

Liu

Xiang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Larger PM settles within seconds to minutes, while finer PM 2.5 settles in time frames of hours or days, persisting in the work environment. Respiratory exposures are assessed as a combination of the indoor pollutant concentration and the exposure time; thus, respirable bioaerosols may also result in more significant respiratory exposures [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Cannabis Cultivation and Bioaerosol Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is partly due to methodological limitations in exposure assessments and to the diverse categories of inhalable biological constituents described above. Bioaerosols also vary temporally and spatially and can have complex interactions with other PM, gasses, humidity, and light in the atmospheric environment [21][22][23][24]. Despite these challenges, it is essential to understand bioaerosol size, composition, and abundance, as airborne pathogenic microbes, microbial metabolites, and protein allergens are inhalation hazards associated with a variety of acute and chronic diseases in agricultural and indoor settings that share many aspects with cannabis operations [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Cannabis Cultivation and Bioaerosol Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern aerobiology practices can also analyze air samples via DNA- or RNA-based sequencing to identify and estimate the relative abundance of different fungal, bacterial, and viral constituents in the air. Other bioaerosol constituents like microbial metabolites (endotoxin, ergosterol, (1➔3)-β-D-glucan, peptidoglycan, and mycotoxins) and protein allergens are sometimes measured as they are also linked to less well understood mechanisms that contribute to chronic, non-infectious diseases and allergenic respiratory diseases [ 3 – 6 , 9 – 11 , 21 – 28 ].…”

Section: Cannabis Cultivation and Bioaerosol Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioaerosol Exposures and Respiratory Diseases in Cannabis Workers

Eidem,

Nordgren,

Hernandez

2024

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Purpose of Review This review investigates occupational inhalation hazards associated with biologically derived airborne particles (bioaerosols) generated in indoor cannabis cultivation and manufacturing facilities. Recent Findings Indoor cannabis production is growing across the US as are recent reports of respiratory diseases among cannabis workers, including occupational asthma morbidity and mortality. More information is needed to understand how bioaerosol exposure in cannabis facilities impacts worker health and occupational disease risk. Summary Preliminary studies demonstrate a significant fraction of airborne particles in cannabis facilities are comprised of fungal spores, bacteria, and plant material, which may also contain hazardous microbial metabolites and allergens. These bioaerosols may pose pathogenic, allergenic, toxigenic, and pro-inflammatory risks to workers. The absence of multi-level, holistic bioaerosol research in cannabis work environments necessitates further characterization of the potential respiratory hazards and effective risk prevention methods to safeguard occupational health as the cannabis industry continues to expand across the US and beyond.

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“…According to calculations 30 of the WHO (World Health Organization) air pollution leads to 6.7 million premature deaths every year and almost half of them were attributed to indoor air pollution (WHO, 2022). People tend to spend an increasing fraction of their time indoors, especially in developed countries with about 90%; they are therefore exposed over long periods to the indoor aerosol and the therein contained pollutants (Diffey, 2011;Goldstein et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2022). Inhaled, these pollutants can cause the formation of radicals leading to oxidative stress and formation of oxygenated species which can induce inflammation processes (Kreyling et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate emissions from cooking activities: emission factors, emission dynamics, and mass spectrometric analysis for different preparation methods

Pikmann,

Drewnick,

Fachinger

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. As most people, especially in developed countries, spend most of their time indoors, they are strongly exposed to indoor aerosol, which potentially can lead to adverse health effects. A major source of indoor aerosols are cooking activities releasing large amounts of particulate emissions, both number and mass wise, with often complex composition. To investigate the characteristics of cooking emissions and parameters, which influence these characteristics, we conducted a comprehensive study in form of a measurement series cooking 19 dishes with different ingredients and preparation methods. The emissions were monitored in real time with multiple online instruments measuring physical and chemical particle properties as well as trace gas concentrations. With the same instrumentation, the influence of cooking emissions on the ambient aerosol load was studied at two German Christmas markets. For six variables, we observed changes during the cooking: particle number concentration of smaller (particle diameter dp > 5 nm) and larger particles (dp > 250 nm), PM (PM1, PM2.5, PM10), BC, PAH and organics mass concentrations. Generally, similar emission characteristics were observed for dishes with the same preparation method mainly due to similar cooking temperature and use of oil. The emission dynamics of the above-mentioned variables as well as the sizes of emitted particles were mostly influenced by the cooking temperature and activities during cooking. The emissions were quantified via emission factors, with the highest values for grilled dishes, one to two orders of magnitude smaller ones for oil-based cooking (baking, stir-frying, deep-frying) and the smallest for boiled dishes. For the identification of cooking emissions with the Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and generally the identification of new AMS markers, we propose a new diagram type where the variability of the mass spectra of different aerosols is considered. Combining our results and those from previous studies for quantification of cooking-related organic aerosol with the AMS, we recommend using values for the relative ionization efficiency which are larger than the default value for organics (RIEOrg = 1.4): for rapeseed oil-based cooking 2.17 ± 0.48 and for soy oil-based cooking 5.16 ± 0.77.

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A systematic literature review on indoor PM2.5 concentrations and personal exposure in urban residential buildings

Cited by 10 publications

References 207 publications

Disposable Polypropylene Face Masks: A Potential Source of Micro/Nanoparticles and Organic Contaminates in Humans

Disposable Polypropylene Face Masks: A Potential Source of Micro/Nanoparticles and Organic Contaminates in Humans

Bioaerosol Exposures and Respiratory Diseases in Cannabis Workers

Particulate emissions from cooking activities: emission factors, emission dynamics, and mass spectrometric analysis for different preparation methods

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