A systematic literature review of tobacco use among adults 15 years and older in sub-Saharan Africa

Townsend, Loraine; Flisher, Alan J.; Gilreath, Tamika D.; King, Gary

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.12.008

Cited by 80 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…One possible explanation for this difference is that men tend to have lower hepatic sensitivity to insulin and may, in consequence, have generally higher fasting levels of plasma glucose. 69 Another possible explanation or contributing factor is that, within sub-Saharan Africa, men are more likely to smoke than women 71 and smoking appears to increase the risk of impaired fasting glucose, by decreasing insulin sensitivity. [72][73][74] In earlier research, impaired glucose tolerance has generally been found to be more common among women than among men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…86 However, such obesity cannot be used to explain why the men of Middle Africa are more likely to have diabetes mellitus than the women, as central obesity is more common among the women in this area than among the men. 87 Behavioural risk factors, such as smoking and alcohol use, which are more common among the men of sub-Saharan Africa than among the women, 3,71 might contribute to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the men of Middle Africa.…”

Section: Systematic Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences by sex in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hilawe

Yatsuya

Kawaguchi

et al. 2013

Bull. World Health Organ.

120

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Systematic Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences by sex in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hilawe

Yatsuya

Kawaguchi

et al. 2013

Bull. World Health Organ.

120

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“…5 Smoking, the primary risk factor for COPD worldwide, has a low prevalence in developing countries, but recent data show that smoking prevalence is increasing in these countries, especially among women. 6,7 Prior research found that women exposed to heavy indoor smoke are three times more likely to suffer from COPD compared to women using cleaner fuels (and therefore exposed to less indoor air pollution). 5 A randomized trial in Guatemala revealed a significant reduction in negative respiratory symptoms among women using improved indoor woodstoves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cooking fuel smoke on respiratory symptoms and lung function in semi-rural women in Cameroon

Ngahane

Chebu

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Background: Indoor air pollution is a major health problem in the developing world. In sub-Saharan Africa more than 90% of people rely on biomass to meet their domestic energy demands. Pollution from biomass fuel ranks 10th among preventable risk factors contributing to the global burden of diseases. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the factors associated with reduced lung function in a population of women exposed to cooking fuel smoke. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a semi-rural area in Cameroon. We compared forced respiratory volume between women using wood (n5145) and women using alternative sources of energy (n5155) for cooking. Results: Chronic bronchitis was found in 7.6% of the wood smoke group and 0.6% in the alternative fuels group. We observed two cases of airflow obstruction in the wood smoke group. Factors associated with lung function impairment were chronic bronchitis, use of wood as cooking fuel, age, and height. Conclusion: Respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function are more pronounced among women using wood as cooking fuel. Improved stoves technology should be developed to reduce the effects of wood smoke on respiratory health.

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“…19,20 Smoking tendency is increasing among men and women in SSA, mainly in the age group between 30 and 49, with particular reference to women, increasing together with ageing. 21 Furthermore, in many developing countries, psychosocial attitude towards obesity is not seen as a negative factor. 22,23 Mvo et al and Puoane et al reported that even if a large percentage of African women were overweight and obese, only a few perceived themselves so.…”

Section: Psychosocial Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Monti¹,

Ruggieri²,

Vincentelli

et al. 2015

Ital J Med

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Ischemic heart disease is increasing dramatically in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite an increasing prevalence of risk factors, and some characteristics of the African people that make the African population subject to the effects of major cardiovascular risk factors. The pace and direction of economic development, rates of urbanization, the changes in life expectancy, associated with different pathophysiological factors are causing an increased rate of atherosclerotic disease in these countries. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease in SSA has shown a significant rise in the next two following decades due to the rising prevalence of risk factors, especially hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco use and the dyslipidemia, mainly due to an increase in urbanization. Moreover, thanks to new knowledge, it has been pointed out the difference of individual risk factors in the African population and other populations due to genetic differences. It is estimated that age-standardized approach for ischemic heart disease mortality rates will rise by 27% in African men and 25% in women by 2015 and by 70 and 74%, respectively by 2030. More research is needed in Africa to provide evidence for cardiovascular prevention and treatment to mitigate the oncoming epidemic. Health interventions are needed for preventing or reducing the morbidity/mortality and should be addressed to both children and adults, including score of the risk stratification modified, starting early and aggressive therapy, if necessary.

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A systematic literature review of tobacco use among adults 15 years and older in sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 80 publications

References 24 publications

Differences by sex in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Differences by sex in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of cooking fuel smoke on respiratory symptoms and lung function in semi-rural women in Cameroon

Cardiovascular risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa: a review

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