A systematic literature review of economic evaluations of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in east and southeast Asia (2006-2019)

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumococcal infections can lead to serious invasive diseases such as meningitis, septicaemia and pneumonia, as well as milder but more common illnesses such as sinusitis and otitis media. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in infant National Immunization Program (NIP) programs worldwide. Decision-makers in Asian countries planning to introduce PCVs in their respective NIP will need a comprehensive evidence of effectiveness of PCVs at the population level and economic evidence including cost-effectiveness. Areas Covered: A systematic literature review (from 1/1/2016 to 10/11/2019) of PCVs in East and Southeast Asia to understand (1) the contributing factors to cost-effectiveness results of PCVs and (2) whether gaps in evidence exist suggesting why the region may have yet to implement full NIPs. Expert Opinion: In East and Southeast Asia, vaccination with PCVs was found to significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity of pneumococcal diseases and was cost-effective compared to no vaccination. Study assumptions, specifically vaccine local acquisition, the inclusion or exclusion of indirect effects (serotype replacement and herd effect), cross-protection, and protection against nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and serotype 3, were the main drivers of cost-effectiveness.

Psychosocial Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greece

“…Since vaccine hesitancy is already recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the 10 biggest threads to global health [ 112 ], identification of factors that enhance individuals’ intention to accept vaccination is crucial to increase vaccine uptake. Several systematic reviews suggest that vaccination against a variety of diseases (i.e., pneumococcal disease, varicella, tuberculosis) is a cost-effective or cost-saving intervention [ 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 ]. Additionally, a recent systematic review showed that the COVID-19 vaccination program appears to be a cost-effective or cost-saving intervention [ 117 ].…”

Cost-Effectiveness of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) Versus Lower-Valent Alternatives in Filipino Infants

“…Since the introduction of PCVs in national immunization programs (NIPs), numerous cost-effectiveness analyses have been conducted of PCVs versus no vaccination and comparing PCV13-PFE and PCV10-GSK. In member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), findings from a recent systematic review by Wang et al (2021) suggest that PCVs significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity of pneumococcal diseases and are typically cost-effective compared to no vaccination [ 3 ]. Within and between studies comparing PCV13-PFE and PCV10-GSK, model assumptions and input parameters, specifically local vaccine acquisition costs, the inclusion or exclusion of indirect effects (serotype replacement and herd protection), and serotype- and pneumococcal disease-specific effectiveness, are shown to be highly influential on cost-effectiveness results [ 3 ].…”

“…In member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), findings from a recent systematic review by Wang et al (2021) suggest that PCVs significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity of pneumococcal diseases and are typically cost-effective compared to no vaccination [ 3 ]. Within and between studies comparing PCV13-PFE and PCV10-GSK, model assumptions and input parameters, specifically local vaccine acquisition costs, the inclusion or exclusion of indirect effects (serotype replacement and herd protection), and serotype- and pneumococcal disease-specific effectiveness, are shown to be highly influential on cost-effectiveness results [ 3 ]. In the systematic review, two studies compared PCV13-PFE versus PCV10-GSK in the Philippines, namely Haasis et al [ 4 ] and Zhang et al [ 5 ].…”