A systematic evidence map for the evaluation of noncancer health effects and exposures to polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures

Carlson, Laura M.; Christensen, Krista; Sagiv, Sharon K.; Rajan, Pradeep; Klocke, Carolyn; Lein, Pamela J.; Coffman, Evan; Shaffer, Rachel M.; Yost, Erin E.; Arzuaga, Xabier; Factor-Litvak, Pam; Sergeev, A.; Toborek, Michał; Bloom, Michael S.; Trgovcich, J.; Jusko, Todd A.; Robertson, Larry W.; Meeker, John D.; Keating, Aileen F.; Blain, Robyn; Silva, Raquel; Snow, Samantha J.; Lin, Cynthia J.; Shipkowski, Kelly A.; Ingle, Brandall; Lehmann, Geniece M.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.115148

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The dominant congeners in Aroclor 1254 are also dominant in the air samples at this school (Figure ). Aroclor 1254 is a well-studied mixture of PCBs associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes . As a group of compounds, PCBs are known human carcinogens with most of the cancer-associated toxicity due to the dioxin-like compounds .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PUF was extracted using a pressurized and heated solvent as reported elsewhere and detailed in the Supporting Information. 20 In brief, samples were spiked with a surrogate standard solution (13C labeled PCBs 3,15,31,52,118,153,180,194,206,and 209), extracted with a heated, pressurized 1:1 solvent mixture of hexane and acetone (Thermo Fisher Scientific Dionex ASE 350), and concentrated from 60 to 1 mL under nitrogen stream (Biotage TurboVap II). The extracts were then passed through acidified silica gel columns and concentrated to 0.5 mL.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyurethane Foam Emission Samplers to Identify Sources of Airborne Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Glass-Block Windows and Other Room Surfaces in a Vermont School

Hua,

Marek,

Hornbuckle

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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We hypothesized that emissions of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from Aroclor mixtures present in building materials explain their concentrations in school air. Here, we report a study of airborne concentrations and gas-phase emissions in three elementary school rooms constructed in 1958. We collected airborne PCBs using polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF-PAS, n = 6) and PCB emissions from building materials using polyurethane foam passive emission samplers (PUF-PES, n = 17) placed over flat surfaces in school rooms, including vinyl tile floors, carpets, painted bricks, painted drywall, and glass-block windows. We analyzed all 209 congeners represented in 173 chromatographic separations and found that the congener distribution in PUF-PES strongly resembled the predicted diffusive release of gas-phase PCBs from a solid material containing Aroclor 1254. Concentrations of airborne total PCBs ranged from 38 to 180 ng m–3, a range confirmed by an independent laboratory in the same school. These levels exceed action levels for all aged children set by the State of Vermont and exceed guidance levels set by the U.S. EPA for children under age 3. Emissions of PCBs from the glass-block windows (30,000 ng m–2 d–1) greatly exceeded those of all other surfaces, which ranged from 35 to 2700 ng m–2 d–1. This study illustrates the benefit of the direct measurement of PCB emissions to identify the most important building remediation needed to reduce airborne PCB concentrations in schools.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane Foam Emission Samplers to Identify Sources of Airborne Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Glass-Block Windows and Other Room Surfaces in a Vermont School

Hua,

Marek,

Hornbuckle

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…These findings raise human health concerns, especially for children who may spend many years in PCB-contaminated indoor environments . Besides being classified as human carcinogens, PCBs are associated with noncancer end points, including developmental, immune, and reproductive to neurodevelopmental effects . For example, PCB inhalation is associated with neurotoxic outcomes such as memory impairment, induced anxiety-like behavior, gene transcription, and sex differences in response to impulsivity and inhibition tasks in rats. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of 2,2′,5,5′-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) Metabolites in Adolescent Rats after Acute Nose-Only Inhalation Exposure

Bullert,

Li,

Gautam

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Inhalation of PCB-contaminated air is increasingly recognized as a route for PCB exposure. Because limited information about the disposition of PCBs following inhalation exposure is available, this study investigated the disposition of 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) and its metabolites in rats following acute, nose-only inhalation of PCB52. Male and female Sprague–Dawley rats (50–58 days of age, 210 ± 27 g; n = 6) were exposed for 4 h by inhalation to approximately 14 or 23 μg/kg body weight of PCB52 using a nose-only exposure system. Sham animals (n = 6) were exposed to filtered lab air. Based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), PCB52 was present in adipose, brain, intestinal content, lung, liver, and serum. 2,2′,5,5′-Tetrachlorobiphenyl-4-ol (4-OH-PCB52) and one unknown monohydroxylated metabolite were detected in these compartments except for the brain. Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis identified several metabolites, including sulfated, methoxylated, and dechlorinated PCB52 metabolites. These metabolites were primarily found in the liver (7 metabolites), lung (9 metabolites), and serum (9 metabolites) due to the short exposure time. These results demonstrate for the first time that complex mixtures of sulfated, methoxylated, and dechlorinated PCB52 metabolites are formed in adolescent rats following PCB52 inhalation, laying the groundwork for future animal studies of the adverse effects of inhaled PCB52.

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“…However, some PCB congeners continue to be produced as byproducts of industrial processes, for example, the production of paint pigments and silicone rubber, resulting in current environmental and occupational PCB exposures . Humans are primarily exposed to PCBs via diet or inhalation. , PCBs have been implicated in adverse cancer and non-cancer health outcomes . Importantly, PCB congeners with multiple ortho chlorine substituents, such as PCB 95, are implicated in PCB developmental neurotoxicity. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 PCBs have been implicated in adverse cancer and non-cancer health outcomes. 7 Importantly, PCB congeners with multiple ortho chlorine substituents, such as PCB 95, are implicated in PCB developmental neurotoxicity. 8,9 PCB 95 is a constituent of technical PCB mixtures 10 and has been detected in human postmortem brain tissue.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantiomeric Fractions Reveal Differences in the Atropselective Disposition of 2,2′,3,5′,6-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95) in Wildtype, Cyp2abfgs-Null, and CYP2A6-Humanized Mice

Bullert

Han

et al. 2023

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants that can cause neurotoxicity. PCBs, such as PCB 95 (2,2′,3,5′,6-pentachlorobiphenyl), can be metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes into neurotoxic metabolites. To better understand how the metabolism of PCB 95 affects neurotoxic outcomes, we conducted a study on the disposition of PCB 95 in transgenic mouse models. The mice were given a single oral dose of PCB 95 (1.0 mg/kg) and were euthanized 24 h later for analysis. PCB 95 levels were highest in adipose tissue, followed by the liver, brain, and blood. Adipose tissue levels were significantly higher in wild-type (WT) mice than in Cyp2abfgs-null (KO) or CYP2A6-transgenic (KI) mice. We also observed genotype-dependent differences in the enrichment of aS-PCB 95 in female mice, with a less pronounced enrichment in KO than WT and KI mice. Ten hydroxylated PCB 95 metabolites were detected in blood and tissue across all exposure groups. The metabolite profiles differed across tissues, while sex and genotype-dependent differences were less pronounced. Total OH-PCB levels were highest in the blood, followed by the liver, adipose tissue, and brain. Total OH-PCB blood levels were lower in KO than in WT mice, while the opposite trend was observed in the liver. In male mice, total OH-PCB metabolite levels were significantly lower in KI than in WT mice in blood and the liver, while the opposite trend was observed in female mice. In conclusion, the study highlights the differences in the atropselective disposition of PCB 95 and its metabolites in different types of mice, demonstrating the usefulness of these transgenic mouse models for characterizing the role of PCB metabolism in PCB neurotoxicity.

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A systematic evidence map for the evaluation of noncancer health effects and exposures to polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

Polyurethane Foam Emission Samplers to Identify Sources of Airborne Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Glass-Block Windows and Other Room Surfaces in a Vermont School

Polyurethane Foam Emission Samplers to Identify Sources of Airborne Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Glass-Block Windows and Other Room Surfaces in a Vermont School

Distribution of 2,2′,5,5′-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) Metabolites in Adolescent Rats after Acute Nose-Only Inhalation Exposure

Enantiomeric Fractions Reveal Differences in the Atropselective Disposition of 2,2′,3,5′,6-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95) in Wildtype, Cyp2abfgs-Null, and CYP2A6-Humanized Mice

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