A systematic comparison of solvents and their concentrations in bitumen gravity drainage under controlled thermodynamic conditions

Amer, Hassan; Sheng, Kai; Okuno, Ryosuke; Al-Gawfi, Abdullah; Nakutnyy, Petro

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.129723

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

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Effectiveness of Natural Gas Condensate as a Viable Solvent in ES-SAGD Processes: An Experimental Investigation Using a 3-D Physical Model

BinDahbag,

Atta,

Bagherzadeh

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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This study presents an experimental evaluation of the ES-SAGD process to better understand the recovery mechanisms, determine the optimized solvent concentrations, and enhance the overall process efficiency. Conducting threedimensional physical model experiments (3DPMEs) of ES-SAGD poses significant challenges due to their complexity, cost, labor intensity, and time requirements. In this work, 3DPMEs were performed using varying concentrations of natural gas condensate as a solvent, chosen for its field availability and cost-effectiveness compared to pure solvents. A baseline 3DPME of conventional SAGD was also conducted for comparative purposes. Key aspects measured in this work included oil recovery factor, oil rate, water cut, cumulative steam−oil ratio (cSOR), cumulative gas produced and its composition, gas−oil ratio, and energy−oil ratio. Results demonstrate that adding natural gas condensate in ES-SAGD significantly improves bitumen recovery rates over baseline SAGD. The optimal solvent concentration was identified as 10% condensate with steam, which maximized oil production rates and reduced water cut. The cSOR for 10% solvent was approximately 2.83, compared to 7.6 for conventional SAGD experiment at 2 pore volume injected. This study highlights the potential of solvent-aided thermal recovery to significantly reduce the environmental impact of the oil sands industry, offering a pathway to lower greenhouse gas emissions and capitalize on carbon tax incentives.

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Effectiveness of Natural Gas Condensate as a Viable Solvent in ES-SAGD Processes: An Experimental Investigation Using a 3-D Physical Model

BinDahbag,

Atta,

Bagherzadeh

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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A Study of DME-Steam Co-Injection Using a Large-Scale Physical Model

Amer,

Sheng,

Okuno

et al. 2024

Day 2 Thu, March 14, 2024

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Dimethyl ether (DME) as a water-soluble solvent has been studied as a potential additive to steam for improving the energy efficiency of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). The main objective of this research was to study in-situ flow characteristics and energy efficiency of DME-SAGD using a large-scale physical model. Results from DME-SAGD were compared with the control experiment of SAGD with no solvent injection using the same experimental setup. The main novelty of this research lies in the experimental data that demonstrated enhanced bitumen drainage by DME-SAGD in comparison to SAGD. The experiment was conducted in a cylindrical pressure vessel with a diameter of 0.425 m and a length of 1.22 m, which contained a sand pack with a porosity of 0.34 and a permeability of 5.0 D. The DME-SAGD experiment used a DME concentration of 10 mol% and a steam co-injection rate of 27.6 cm3/min [cold-water equivalent (CWE)] at 3000 kPa. Temperature distributions within the sand pack, along with injection and production histories, were recorded during the experiment. Subsequently, numerical simulations were performed to history-match the experimental data, and the calibrated simulation model was used to analyze details of compositional flow characteristics. Results showed that the 10 mol% DME-SAGD experiment yielded a recovery factor of 92.7% in 4.2 days, and the SAGD experiment yielded a recovery factor of 68.6% in 6.0 days, for both of which the first 2 days were the preheating and the steam-only injection (SAGD) stages. The peak rate of bitumen production was 43.8 mL/min in the DME-SAGD experiment, which was more than twice greater than the peak rates observed in the SAGD experiment. The substantially increased rate of bitumen production resulted in a cumulative steam-to-oil ratio in DME-SAGD that was less than half of that in SAGD. Analysis of experimental results indicated that the solubility of DME in the aqueous and oleic phases caused different flow characteristics between DME-SAGD and SAGD. For example, the oleic and aqueous phases were more uniformly distributed in the sand pack in the former. Simulations indicated that DME-SAGD had a uniform distribution of greater grid-scale Bond numbers and increased oleic-phase mobilities in comparison to SAGD.

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A systematic comparison of solvents and their concentrations in bitumen gravity drainage under controlled thermodynamic conditions

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

Effectiveness of Natural Gas Condensate as a Viable Solvent in ES-SAGD Processes: An Experimental Investigation Using a 3-D Physical Model

Effectiveness of Natural Gas Condensate as a Viable Solvent in ES-SAGD Processes: An Experimental Investigation Using a 3-D Physical Model

A Study of DME-Steam Co-Injection Using a Large-Scale Physical Model

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