A Systematic Approach to Material Eligibility for the Cold-Spray Process

Mechanical behavior of Ti cold spray coatings determined by a multi-scale indentation method

“…Ti has a hexagonal closed packed structure and plastic deformation in the material is limited. It is possible that after the initial plastic deformation, the remainder of the impact stress is converted to heat and no further work hardening takes place [21,[39][40][41][42]. For both spherical and nonspherical coatings, the true hardness was nearly constant over all deposition conditions with the averages being H o = 2.85 ± 0.23 GPa for spherical coatings and H o = 3.25 ± 0.28 GPa for non-spherical coatings.…”

High strain rate deformation microstructures of stainless steel 316L by cold spraying and explosive powder compaction

“…In the new coating technique of cold spraying (CS), bonding of particles is a result of extensive plastic deformation and related phenomena at the interface [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In this process, solid particles in size ranges between typically 5 and 50 µm are introduced into the high-pressure chamber of a convergingdiverging de Laval type nozzle and are accelerated in a supersonic stream of inert gas.…”

Laser-Assisted Cold-Sprayed Corrosion- and Wear-Resistant Coatings: A Review

“…Therefore, it is not just the operating pressure which influences the particleÕs critical impact velocity during LACS process. MaterialsÕ physical properties such as particle diameter, density, and morphology (Ref 42,52); and thermo-mechanical properties of the powder and substrate materials (Ref 53,54,55) also influence the velocity at which the particles impact on the substrate for successful deposition of coatings.…”

“…Schmidt and co-authors (Ref 56) also reported that particle size effects in cold spray dynamics can have a significant influence on the critical velocity necessary for effective particle bonding to the substrate as a consequence of the heat conduction or strain rate hardening which increases with reduced particle size. Moreover, it had also been highlighted that particle sizes and distribution between 5 and 50 lm are suitable for cold spray process because they aid the production of dense coatings and wrought-like net-shaped parts in addition to the fact that they are easily fed by various CS and kinetic spray equipment designs (Ref 30,54 51) examined the average particle size necessary to optimize the coating density obtained from CS deposited stainless steel powders by applying the powder metallurgy (P/M) practice of blending powders of varying particle size distributions (Fig. 28).…”