A systematic analysis on prevalence and sub-regional distribution of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among adults in African countries

Dessie, Getenet; Mulugeta, Henok; Amare, Desalegne; Negesse, Ayenew; Wagnew, Fasil; Getaneh, Temsgen; Endalamew, Akililu; Adamu, Yibeltal Wubale; Tadesse, Gizachew; Workineh, Aster; Lebu, Sarah

doi:10.1007/s40200-020-00635-9

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Among those with DM, 70% of them were unaware of their DM condition ( 56 ). The findings of the current meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of undiagnosed DM was slightly higher (7%) than other studies from sub-Saharan Africa ( 57 , 58 ). For instance, the prevalence of undiagnosed-DM in one systematic review from 2007 to 2020 among adults in African countries was 3.85% ( 57 ) while another systematic review reported that the prevalence was 5.37% ( 58 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence

Tesfay

Zorbas

Alston

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing global health challenge disproportionately impacting low- and middle-income settings, including Ethiopia. Currently, the body of evidence describing the burden of NCDs is fragmented, inconsistent, health facility- or institution-based, and out-dated in Ethiopia. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of the prevalence of NCDs in community settings in Ethiopia.Review methodologyCommunity-based quantitative studies published in English between January 1st, 2012, and June 30th, 2022, that reported on the prevalence of NCDs in Ethiopia were included. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Global Health using pretested search terms related to NCDs was conducted, and data were extracted using a piloted data extraction proforma adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16. While the pooled prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and undiagnosed (DM) was computed and presented using forest plots, then overall prevalence of NCDs and other various types of NCDs were narratively synthesized. I2 was used to assess heterogeneity. Studies that did not fulfill the criteria (used similar tool to measure the types of NCDs) for meta-analysis were narratively synthesized.ResultsTwenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Five studies measured the prevalence of NCDs (all NCDs together), ranging from 29 to 35% (prevalence estimates not pooled). The pooled prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) across ten studies was 5% (95% CI: 4–7%). Three studies each reported on the prevalence of undiagnosed DM (pooled prevalence 5%, 95% CI: 4–7%) and pre-DM (pooled prevalence 7%, 95% CI: 3–14%%). In a narrative analysis the prevalence of cardiovascular conditions ranged from 13.4 to 32.2% (n = 3 studies), cancer mortality ranged from 4 to 18% (n = 3 studies) and respiratory conditions ranged from 1 to 18% (n = 3 studies). Some studies have determined more than one NCDs and that is why the total number of studies are exceeding more than twenty studies.Conclusion and recommendationsOur analysis found that approximately one-third of Ethiopians have an NCD, with cardiovascular diseases the most common of all NCDs. The prevalence of respiratory conditions also appears high, but there are insufficient data for a pooled estimate. Whilst the prevalence of DM appears relatively low, there is evidence that the magnitude is increasing. Public health actions to address the high burden of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as the increasing magnitude of DM in Ethiopia, must be prioritized.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO [CRD42020196815].

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence

Tesfay

Zorbas

Alston

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…One study showed mean total weight of salt added to food was nearly double the WHO recommendation, with women adding significantly more salt to food than men [62]. As in other studies in Africa, lack of and limited knowledge is a barrier to effective prevention, diagnosis, and management of NCDs in the region [63][64][65][66][67][68]. Most individuals do not know that they have high BP and others do not take any medication [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a Group-Based Video and Interactive Group Session Addressing Diarrheal Disease, Helminthic and Schistosomiasis Infections, Hypertension and Diabetes on Short and Long-Term Improvement in Knowledge and Healthy Behaviors in Seroconcordant HIV-Negative Zambian Couples

Sharkey¹,

Parker²,

KM³

et al. 2022

Int J Trop Dis

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Background: Non-communicable and neglected tropical diseases (NCD and NTD) contribute to high morbidity and mortality in Zambia. While the public health importance of NTD has long been recognized, prevalence of disease remains high. NCD are emerging as causes of morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of risk factors, diagnosis, management, and prevention of NCDs and NTDs in the general population is poor and as a result, low-cost commodities are insufficiently used.Methods: Urban couples recruited in five government health centers (HC) participated in a video-based group intervention addressing hand washing, water treatment, routine deworming, and urinary schistosomiasis screening to prevent morbidity and mortality from NTD. Chlorine, soap, and deworming for the family were provided, along with schistosomiasis treatment. The intervention also promoted lifestyle changes to prevent and ameliorate hypertension and diabetes and emphasized the importance of medical management regardless of symptomatology. Blood pressure screening identified hypertensives that were given low-sodium salt and referrals. Those with glucose on urine dipstick were counseled and referred. Knowledge and observed and self-reported behaviors were measured 1-2 weeks and 6 months after the interventions. All activities took place in the HC and conducted by trained HC staff.A comparison group recruited at five matched HC was assigned to an HIV prevention intervention and completed the same surveys as the intervention group at baseline and 6 months.Results: One to two weeks after the intervention, reported use of chlorine treatment for drinking water increased from 24% to 96%, with knowledge of correct volume for dilution of 20 L and 5 L containers improving from 29%-35% to 96%-98%. Knowledge of household deworming increased from 62% to 99%. Observed handwashing technique improved including duration (20 seconds) and scrubbing of back, palms, wrists, between fingers and under fingernails. Knowledge that hypertension and diabetes could be asymptomatic increased from 63% to 82% and recall of potential sequelae also improved including heart disease/ attack (14% to 41%), stroke (26% to 61%) and death (65%

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“…If COVID-19 is not brought under control and case counts continue increasing, these countries may experience higher levels of hospitalizations and need for intensive care services. This is likely to be worsened by the high prevalence of undiagnosed chronic comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension (47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the time of submission of this review, nine of the included studies (16,17,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41) were published in peer reviewed journals. Of the remaining two studies, one was a letter to the editor (26) and the other a preprint (47). Four studies (16,17,26,42) did not report the mean or median ages of included participant but reported percentages in various age groups.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality from COVID-19 in people living with HIV compared to individuals without HIV - a systematic review and meta-analysis of 1 268 676 individuals

Mapahla

Abdelmaksoud

Arif

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objectives To compare mortality, hospitalization, and the need for intensive care services due to COVID-19 between PLHIV and individuals without HIV based on data from the existing literature. Methods A comprehensive search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, China Academic Journals Full Text Database, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE) and and the medRXIV and bioRxiv databases of preprints was carried out. Each data source was searched from 1 January 2020 to 20th of February 2021. Eligible studies were case control, cross-sectional and cohort studies where participants had confirmed COVID-19. From each study, data on numbers of PLHIV and individuals without HIV for each outcome were extracted. Study quality was assessed using the MethodologicAl STandard for Epidemiological Research (MASTER) scale. Data synthesis used a bias adjusted model and predefined age and geographical subgroups were analysed. Results Of a total of 2757 records identified, 11 studies, from 4 countries, the United Kingdom, Spain, the United States of America and South Africa, were included. The total participants assessed for the outcomes in this meta-analysis were 1268676 of which 13886 were PLHIV. Overall, the estimated effect of HIV on mortality suggested some worsening (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 0.9 to 2.0, I2 = 78.6%) with very weak evidence against the model hypothesis at this sample size. However, in individuals aged less than 60 years, the estimated effect on mortality suggested more worsening in PLHIV (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.1 to 6.5, I2 = 95.7%) with strong evidence against the model hypothesis at this sample size. HIV was also associated with an estimated effect on hospitalization for COVID-19 that suggested worsening (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.1, I2 = 96.0%) also with strong evidence against the model hypothesis at this sample size. A secondary analysis of the included studies suggested no difference, by HIV status, in the prevalence of pre-existing conditions. Conclusion People living with HIV have higher risk of death and hospitalisation from COVID-19, compared to individuals without HIV. A secondary analysis suggests this is not due to associated comorbid conditions. The difference in mortality is exaggerated in those younger than 60 years of age.

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A systematic analysis on prevalence and sub-regional distribution of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among adults in African countries

Cited by 24 publications

References 59 publications

Prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence

Prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence

Impact of a Group-Based Video and Interactive Group Session Addressing Diarrheal Disease, Helminthic and Schistosomiasis Infections, Hypertension and Diabetes on Short and Long-Term Improvement in Knowledge and Healthy Behaviors in Seroconcordant HIV-Negative Zambian Couples

The risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality from COVID-19 in people living with HIV compared to individuals without HIV - a systematic review and meta-analysis of 1 268 676 individuals

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