A system of specially protected natural reservations in terms of the transition to sustainable development

Abstract

The world community’s awareness of the rapidly deteriorating environmental situation as a threat to the continued existence of mankind determined the formation and adoption of the Concept of sustainable development in the second half of the XX century. One of the mechanisms for solving the strategic task of environmental protection is declared to be the formation and ensuring the sustainable functioning of a system of specially protected natural reservations of different levels and categories, which would ensure the preservation of natural ecosystems, making them centres for preserving the genetic fund and restoring the original biodiversity. The land-use planning, formation of new and reorganization of existing specially protected natural reservations is a guarantee of creating optimal conditions for solving the tasks assigned to them. The analytical review of the adopted normative legal documents and implemented target programs at the international and national levels objectively shows that the development of the system of specially protected natural reservations is declared as one of the main mechanisms for ensuring the implementation of the Concept of sustainable development. The research showed that not all specially protected natural reservations provide the existence of viable populations of organisms for the saving of which they were created. For the development of the system of specially protected natural reservations in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to improve the theoretical and methodological tools of the land management that adequately reflects their uniqueness and diversity, methods of rational organization of their territory, during which the creation of a stable, self-regenerating ecosystem will be carried out, ensuring the solution of environmental and socio-economic problems at both the regional and global levels.