A system for the continuous generation of simulated human breath supplemented with trace gases

Hibbard, Troy; Crowley, Karl; Shahbazian, Zahra; Killard, Anthony J.

doi:10.1039/c2ay25195g

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The largest shift (≈63 nm) and fastest response (≈100 ms) occur at the highest flow rate (8 L s −1 and ≈90% RH) in our experiments (see Figure C; Figure S6, Supporting Information). Interestingly, an onset of saturation of the PBG shift is clearly visible in Figure C for this high flow rate and RH that correspond to the average peak expiratory flow and RH for adults . We conclude that the invisible images in the patterned HSCPCs can be revealed by humid flow only when the humidity is high enough.…”

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confidence: 57%

Instantaneous, Simple, and Reversible Revealing of Invisible Patterns Encrypted in Robust Hollow Sphere Colloidal Photonic Crystals

et al. 2018

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The colors of photonic crystals are based on their periodic crystalline structure. They show clear advantages over conventional chromophores for many applications, mainly due to their anti-photobleaching and responsiveness to stimuli. More specifically, combining colloidal photonic crystals and invisible patterns is important in steganography and watermarking for anticounterfeiting applications. Here a convenient way to imprint robust invisible patterns in colloidal crystals of hollow silica spheres is presented. While these patterns remain invisible under static environmental humidity, even up to near 100% relative humidity, they are unveiled immediately (≈100 ms) and fully reversibly by dynamic humid flow, e.g., human breath. They reveal themselves due to the extreme wettability of the patterned (etched) regions, as confirmed by contact angle measurements. The liquid surface tension threshold to induce wetting (revealing the imprinted invisible images) is evaluated by thermodynamic predictions and subsequently verified by exposure to various vapors with different surface tension. The color of the patterned regions is furthermore independently tuned by vapors with different refractive indices. Such a system can play a key role in applications such as anticounterfeiting, identification, and vapor sensing.

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confidence: 57%

Instantaneous, Simple, and Reversible Revealing of Invisible Patterns Encrypted in Robust Hollow Sphere Colloidal Photonic Crystals

et al. 2018

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“…(c) The artificial breath system for generating a continuous supply of heated, humidified air at a constant respiratory flow rate and supplemented with trace quantities of ammonia. See ref .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system was first validated by calibrating against PALS using artificial breath, followed by a correlation with normal healthy subjects ( n = 11). An artificial breath system was established that was capable of providing a continuous flow of atmospheric air at human breath exhalation flow rates, temperature and humidity (62 ± 0.7 L/min air flow at a temperature of 37 ± 1 °C and relative humidity ≥90%) (Figure c) . The artificial breath system could be supplemented with trace quantities of ammonia and calibrated from first principles and with PALS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point of Care Monitoring of Hemodialysis Patients with a Breath Ammonia Measurement Device Based on Printed Polyaniline Nanoparticle Sensors

et al. 2013

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A device for measuring human breath ammonia was developed based on a single use, disposable, inkjet printed ammonia sensor fabricated using polyaniline nanoparticles. The device was optimized for sampling ammonia in human breath samples by addressing issues such as variations in breath sample volume, flow rate, sources of oral ammonia, temperature and humidity. The resulting system was capable of measuring ammonia in breath from 40 to 2993 ppbv (r(2 )= 0.99, n = 3) as correlated with photoacoustic laser spectroscopy and correlation in normal human breath samples yielded a slope of 0.93 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.9705 (p < 0.05, n = 11). Measurement of ammonia in the breath of patients with end-stage kidney disease demonstrated its significant reduction following dialysis, while also correlating well with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (r = 0.61, p < 0.01, n = 96). Excellent intraindividual correlations were demonstrated between breath ammonia and BUN (0.86 to 0.96), which demonstrates the possibility of using low cost point of care breath ammonia systems as a noninvasive means of monitoring kidney dysfunction and treatment.

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Direct measurement of ammonia in simulated human breath using an inkjet-printed polyaniline nanoparticle sensor

Hibbard

Crowley

Killard

2013

Analytica Chimica Acta

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A system for the continuous generation of simulated human breath supplemented with trace gases

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Instantaneous, Simple, and Reversible Revealing of Invisible Patterns Encrypted in Robust Hollow Sphere Colloidal Photonic Crystals

Instantaneous, Simple, and Reversible Revealing of Invisible Patterns Encrypted in Robust Hollow Sphere Colloidal Photonic Crystals

Point of Care Monitoring of Hemodialysis Patients with a Breath Ammonia Measurement Device Based on Printed Polyaniline Nanoparticle Sensors

Direct measurement of ammonia in simulated human breath using an inkjet-printed polyaniline nanoparticle sensor

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