A system for studying genetic changes in Candida albicans during infection

Forche, Anja; May, Georgiana; Beckerman, Janna L.; Kauffman, Sarah; Becker, Jeff; Magee, Patrick

doi:10.1016/s1087-1845(02)00585-6

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…C. albicans strain AF7 is a derivative of sequenced strain SC5314 in which one copy of GAL1 was replaced with URA3 to generate the GAL1/gal1 heterozygous locus (GAL1/Dgal1TURA3) (Forche et al 2003). Gal 1 strains are sensitive to 2-deoxygalactose (2DG S ) because metabolism of 2DG results in a toxic product (Platt 1984) but grow on media with galactose as the sole carbon source.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vivo populations: In a previous study, 10 6 cells of the parent strain AF7 (GAL1/Dgal1TURA3) were injected into the tail vein of 13 outbred ICR male mice (22-25 g; Harlan, Indianapolis) (Forche et al 2003). Mice were observed and, when moribund at 5-7 days, anesthetized using isofluorane and euthanized, and both kidneys were removed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 3 days, Gal À colonies arising by mutation do not grow to an observable size but colonies are apparent for a control Dgal1/Dgal1 strain. (Forche et al 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final extension step was 5 min at 72°. PCR fragments were size fractionated on agarose gels [1% in 13 TBE (0.89 m Tris; 0.02 m EDTA-NA 2 H 2 O; 0.89 m boric acid)] and compared to the size of products from positive control strains [SC5314 (GAL1/GAL1) and AF7 (GAL1/gal1D)] and the negative control strain [AF27 (Dgal1/D gal1)] (Forche et al 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study used strain genotypes and inoculation cell numbers comparable to those used in that study (MacCallum and Odds: SC5314 at 5 3 10 4 cells/g body weight of BALB/c mice; our study: AF7 at 4 3 10 4 cells/g body weight of ICR mice), both with tail-vein infection. Strain AF7 is derived from SC5314, is prototrophic, shows no growth rate differences, and is not attenuated in virulence in comparison to SC5314 (Forche et al 2003). Numbers of colony-forming units (CFUs) in kidney tissues over time were log transformed and regressed against time (minutes) in Microsoft Excel 2004, version 11.3.7.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution inCandida albicansPopulations During a Single Passage Through a Mouse Host

et al. 2009

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The mechanisms and rates by which genotypic and phenotypic variation is generated in opportunistic, eukaryotic pathogens during growth in hosts are not well understood. We evaluated genomewide genetic and phenotypic evolution in Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans, during passage through a mouse host (in vivo) and during propagation in liquid culture (in vitro). We found slower population growth and higher rates of chromosome-level genetic variation in populations passaged in vivo relative to those grown in vitro. Interestingly, the distribution of long-range loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and chromosome rearrangement events across the genome differed for the two growth environments, while rates of short-range LOH were comparable for in vivo and in vitro populations. Further, for the in vivo populations, there was a positive correlation of cells demonstrating genetic alterations and variation in colony growth and morphology. For in vitro populations, no variation in growth phenotypes was detected. Together, our results demonstrate that passage through a living host leads to slower growth and higher rates of genomic and phenotypic variation compared to in vitro populations. Results suggest that the dynamics of population growth and genomewide rearrangement contribute to the maintenance of a commensal and opportunistic life history of C. albicans.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 3 days, Gal À colonies arising by mutation do not grow to an observable size but colonies are apparent for a control Dgal1/Dgal1 strain. (Forche et al 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution inCandida albicansPopulations During a Single Passage Through a Mouse Host

et al. 2009

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Current awareness on yeast

2003

Yeast

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In order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, this current awareness service is provided by John Wiley & Sons and contains newly‐published material on yeasts. Each bibliography is divided into 10 sections. 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Biochemistry; 4 Biotechnology; 5 Cell Biology; 6 Gene Expression; 7 Genetics; 8 Physiology; 9 Medical Mycology; 10 Recombinant DNA Technology. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. (4 weeks journals ‐ search completed 6th. Aug. 2003)

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