“…This is the first evaluation of GIC hazard across whole Europe. Previous studies on power grids have considered single countries including Finland [ Pirjola and Lehtinen , ; Elovaara , ], Russia [ Barannik et al , ], Spain [ Torta et al , ], Sweden [ Pulkkinen et al , ; Wik et al , ], and the United Kingdom [ Erinmez et al , ; Thomson et al , ; Beggan et al , ]. Additionally, there has been a study on GIC in the oil pipeline in the Czech Republic [ Hejda and Bochníček , ].…”