A Synthesis, Properties and Application as a Possible Drug Delivery Systems Dendrimers – A Review

Abstract

Dendrimer is derived from the Greek word “dendron” which is used for tree and from the Greek suffix “mer” (segment) which describes the synthetic, three-dimensional molecules having branching parts.“A dendrimer is generally described as a macromolecule, which is characterized by its dendritic and hyper branched 3D structure that offers a high degree of surface functionality and versatility.” Dendrimers possess three distinguishable architectural components i.e. an interior core, interior layer(generations) composed of repeating units radially attached to the interior core, and exterior (terminal functionality) attached to outermost interior generation (Fig. 1). The higher generation dendrimers, due to their globular structure, occupy a smaller hydrodynamic volume compared to the corresponding linear polymers. The dendritic structure is characterized by layer between each generation.Dendrimers are generally prepared using either a divergent method or a convergent one. There is a fundamental difference between these two construction concepts. Dendrimers shows the various properties such as structure, shape, aqueous solubility, non-polar solubility, &architecture. Dendrimer can be classification on the basis of their shape, structure, branching, solubility, chirality and attachment. Dendrimer can be differentiated on the basis of their shape, end functional groups and internal cavities.

Cationic Materials for Gene Therapy: A Look Back to the Birth and Development of 2,2-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)Propanoic Acid-Based Dendrimer Scaffolds

“…Specifically, PPIs are comprised of poly-alkylamines with primary amine terminal groups and a scaffold including many tertiary propylene imines [135]. They are commercially available up to the fifth generation (G5) and are widely utilized both in biology and material science [136].…”

“…Particularly, the high number of basic amino functions in the periphery (pKa 9-11) are responsible for the interaction with DNA, while the more acidic internal tertiary amino groups (pKa 5-8) are not available to bind DNA but are able to act as "proton sponges" within the endosome [136].…”

Dendrimer for targeted drug delivery and Vaccine and Immunostimulatory: applications and methods

“…Such dendrimers can act as a light-switching host for eosin, which is a red crystalline powder with the formula, C 20 H 8 O 5 Br 4 , used as a powder with sodium or potassium salts in biology to stain cells. These photochemical changes in the surface of the dendrimers cause the release of guest molecules [52][53][195][196][197][198][199][200].…”

An Optical Sensor for Dengue Envelope Proteins Using Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposite Thin Film: Enhanced Sensitivity, Selectivity, and Recovery Studies

“…Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are one of the smallest and most precise biopolymers available today since they were commercially available and, more importantly, could easily act as bio-conjugating reagents to increase the active sites of the sensor [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. They are hydrophilic and are a family of highly branched macromolecules with different active functional groups outside its surface and so have advantages over other micromolecules due to monodispersity, modifiable surface functionalities, and high mechanical and chemical stability [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. There is a demand for enhancing the adsorption of biomolecules (such as dengue proteins), and amine-reduced graphene oxide (NH 2 rGO) nanocomposites are beneficial to bind directly to a globular-shaped polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer without affecting their biological activity.…”