A synthesis of qualitative research on overweight and obese people's views and experiences of weight management

Garip, Gülcan; Yardley, Lucy

doi:10.1111/j.1758-8111.2011.00021.x

Cited by 63 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The utility of the CASP tool for appraising qualitative studies has been demonstrated in previous meta-synthesis studies (e.g. Malpass et al, 2009;Garip & Yardley, 2011). Instead of using a numerical scoring system for appraising articles with the CASP tool (e.g.…”

Section: Phase 3: Critical Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregiving in multiple sclerosis and quality of life: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research

Topcu

Buchanan

Aubeeluck

et al. 2016

Psychology & Health

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Objective: The lack of adequate conceptualisation and operationalisation of quality of life (QoL) limits the ability to have a consistent body of evidence to improve QoL research and practice in informal caregiving for people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).Thus, we conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative research to improve the conceptual understanding of the experiences of MS carers and to identify factors that affect carers' QoL.Design: Systematic searches of five electronic databases yielded 17 qualitative studies which were synthesised using the principles of meta-ethnography.Results: The synthesis resulted in 9 inter-linking themes: Changes and losses; challenges revolving around MS; caregiving demands; burden of care; future concerns; external stressors; experiences of support; strategies used in managing the caregiving role; and motivating factors. Our findings suggest that MS carers can have both positive and negative experiences which may bring challenges and rewards to the carers.Conclusion: We present a proposed QoL model for MS caregiving which can be used to inform the development of interventions for MS carers to improve their QoL.However, further empirical research is needed to examine the utility of this model and to explore the concept of QoL in MS carers in more detail.Keywords: informal carers; meta-ethnography; meta-synthesis; multiple sclerosis; quality of life Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic neurodegenerative diseases among adults, globally affecting approximately 2.3 million individuals (Multiple Sclerosis International Federation [MSIF], 2013). MS has an extremely variable progression, with some patients showing a steady rapid deterioration (i.e. primary progressive course), and most experiencing unpredictable exacerbations and remissions of symptoms (i.e. relapsingremitting course; Mohr et al., 1999). 3In the later stages of MS and at times of exacerbations, people with MS (pwMS) cannot manage daily living activities by themselves and can become functionally dependent on others. Generally, it is the immediate family members (e.g. spouse) or friends who take on the responsibility of caring for pwMS (Forbes, While, & Mathes, 2007), and are commonly referred to as 'carers' or 'caregivers'. A carer is someone who provides a significant amount of voluntary unpaid support and help to a friend, relative, or a neighbour, who suffers from an illness, disability, frailty, mental health problem, or addiction (Carers Trust, 2012;Carers UK, 2015; Department of Health [DoH], 2014). The word 'informal' is commonly used to distinguish voluntary unpaid carers from health professionals or care workers who get paid for providing care.As a result of the progressive, unstable and unpredictable nature of MS, caring for pwMS causes high levels of carer burden and is recognised as a potential threat to caregivers' health and well-being (Corry & While, 2009;Devins, Seland, Klein, Edworthy, & Saary, 1993). Indeed, there is consistent evidence in the current literature that overall qual...

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Section: Phase 3: Critical Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregiving in multiple sclerosis and quality of life: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research

Topcu

Buchanan

Aubeeluck

et al. 2016

Psychology & Health

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“…The authors identified a range of factors that would influence the decision to undertake weight loss, including cultural identity, responses to obesity stigma, previous weight-loss experiences, personal motivators and barriers, social support and practical resources. 40 Another review 41 described similar motivators for weight-management programs (e.g., health concerns, mental preparedness, self-perception and body image, and past positive experiences). Sociocultural factors could be facilitators or barriers, depending on the individual and culture, and weight-management attempts were influenced by expectations of weight management.…”

Section: Patient Values and Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,40,41 Patients who have tried behavioural interventions without success may benefit from a greater focus on positive lifestyle changes, such as promotion of physical activity and weight-gain prevention. 16,22 The most effective interventions were highly heterogeneous with respect to provider discipline, length and format.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for prevention of weight gain and use of behavioural and pharmacologic interventions to manage overweight and obesity in adults in primary care

Brauer

Shaw

et al. 2015

CMAJ

135

125

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CMET he prevalence of obesity in adults has increased worldwide and has almost doubled in Canada, from 14% in 1978/79 1 to 26% in [2009][2010][2011]2 with 2% of men and 5% of women having a body mass index (BMI) score greater than 40 (Appendix 1, available at www .cmaj.ca/lookup/suppl/doi :10.1503/cmaj .140887 /-/DC1).3 Over two-thirds of Canadian men (67%) and more than half of Canadian women (54%) are overweight or obese, based on measured weight.2-4 Excess weight is a well-recognized risk factor for several common chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis and back pain. 5About two-thirds of adults who are overweight or obese were in the healthy weight range as adolescents, but gained weight in adulthood (about 0.5-1.0 kg every two years on average). 6,7 Slow weight gain may go unnoticed until health problems develop in middle age. However, this overall mean increase masks substantial variation in the population, and some people remain weight stable over long periods, whereas others experience substantial gains and losses. Currently, we cannot predict future health effects of weight gain over the life course.The causes of obesity are complex. Although excess adiposity is ultimately the result of an imbalance in the amount of energy consumed and the amount of energy expended by an individual, there are many biological, behavioural, social and environmental factors that interact to affect this balance. The dramatic increase in obesity since the 1970s, however, suggests environmental causes are prominent and potentially amenable to interventions and prevention. 8,9 Possible approaches include a wide range of legislative and policy options, in addition to health-promotion advice to maintain a healthy weight, increase physical activity and eat a healthy diet.10 Primary care providers have an important role in preventing and managing obesity through services offered to patients.Overweight or obese status is commonly assessed using the BMI. The internationally recognized cut-off BMI values for adults are as follows: underweight (< 18.5), normal weight (18.5-24.9), overweight (25-29.9) and obese (≥ 30). The obese category is further broken down by BMI into class I (30.0-34.9), class II (35.0-39.9) and class III (≥ 40).11 Distribution of body fat is also an independent indicator of health risk, and high waist circumference is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. 12Lifestyle interventions (e.g., behavioural therapies, and dietary and physical activity programming and support) are the first line of treatment for most patients with overweight or obesity. Pharmacotherapy and surgery are options for more severe cases of obesity. A weight loss of 5% is considered clinically important, 13 as many cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., elevated blood pres-

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“…Health-related behaviours, barriers and facilitators for weight loss, meanings of identity change and turning points in life have been described (Burke, Swigart, Turk, Derro, & Ewing, 2009; Byrne, Cooper, & Fairburn, 2003; Epiphaniou & Ogden, 2010; Garip & Yardley, 2011; Hindle & Carpenter, 2011; Lindvall, Larsson, Weinehall, & Emmelin, 2010; Ogden & Hills, 2008; Ogden, Stavrinaki, & Stubbs, 2009; Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, 2000; Stuckey et al, 2011). However, losing and maintaining weight from overweight/obesity and losing weight and maintaining weight loss from severe obesity might be significantly different phenomena, and qualitative studies of long-term weight loss maintenance after severe obesity are lacking.…”

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confidence: 99%

Living a successful weight loss after severe obesity

Natvik

Råheim

Andersen

et al. 2018

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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Purpose: Losing weight and keeping it off for the long term is difficult. Weight regain is common. Experiences of successful non-surgical weight loss after severe obesity are largely unexplored. We know little about long-term weight loss processes, and how health care services can be of help to those living them. Methods: Drawing on in-depth interviews of 8 women and 2 men, the aim of this phenomenological study is to describe the experiences of adults who have been severely obese, who have lost weight and maintained weight loss for the long term (>5 years). Results: Findings show that after severe obesity, sustained weight loss has no endpoint, yet is always easy to end. Keeping weight off means committing to oneself, continuing profound changes and cultivating sensitivity towards oneself and others. A phenomenological understanding of sustained weight loss can inform professionals who deal with health issues and challenges occurring in the life of people leaving severe obesity.

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A synthesis of qualitative research on overweight and obese people's views and experiences of weight management

Cited by 63 publications

References 36 publications

Caregiving in multiple sclerosis and quality of life: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research

Caregiving in multiple sclerosis and quality of life: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research

Recommendations for prevention of weight gain and use of behavioural and pharmacologic interventions to manage overweight and obesity in adults in primary care

Living a successful weight loss after severe obesity

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