A Synthesis of Hepatitis C prevalence estimates in Sub-Saharan Africa: 2000–2013

Mora, Nallely; Adams, William; Kliethermes, Stephanie; Dugas, Lara R.; Balasubramanian, Neelam; Sandhu, Jasmin; Nde, H.; Small, Christina; Jose, Joanne; Scaglione, Steven; Layden, Jennifer E.

doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1584-1

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The overall sero-prevalence of anti-HCV in the study area was 1.9%. The overall sero-prevalence of anti-HCV recorded in our study area was less than that from the pooled national prevalence of 3.1% [22] and 3.0% reported in Sub-Saharan Africa [30]. However, it is still greater than the 1.0% prevalence reported from Gojjam, Ethiopia [29]; 0.3% in Djibouti, 0.9% in Somalia, and 1.0% in Sudan [31] among the general populations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Community-based Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infections in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Woldegiorgis

Erku

Medhin

et al. 2019

Preprint

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16Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are the leading causes of 17 liver-related morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The magnitude of HBV and HCV 18 infections in Ethiopia has not been well studied at community level. This study aimed at 19 investigating the sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of HBV and HCV among HBV 20 unvaccinated community members in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. 21 Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts from March 22 to May 2018. Structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant clinical and socio-23 demographic data. Three milliliter of blood sample was collected from each study participant and 24 screened for HBV and HCV using one step hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test strip and one 25 step HCV test strip, respectively. Samples found positive for HBsAg were further tested using 26 immunoassay of Alere Determine TM HBsAg (Alere Inc., USA). Data was analyzed using SPSS 27 version 25.0. 28 Results: A total of 625 (51.4% males, age 6-80 years, mean age ± SD = 30.83 ± 13.51 years) 29 individuals participated in the study. The sero-prevalence for HBV infection was 8.0% as 30 detected using one step HBsAg test strip, while it was 7.2% using Alere Determine TM HBsAg 31 test. The sero-prevalence for HCV infection was 1.9%. Two (0.3%) of the participants were 32 seropositive for both HBV and HCV infections. High sero-prevalence for HBV infection was 33 associated with weakness and fatigue (AOR = 5.20; 95% CI: 1.58, 17.15), while high sero-34 prevalence of HCV infection was associated with age group between 46 and 65 years (AOR = 35 13.02; 95% CI: 1.11, 152.41).36 Conclusion: this study revealed higher-intermediate endemicity level of HBV infection and low 37 to intermediate endemicity level of HCV infection in the study area. Clinical symptoms like 38 weakness and fatigue were found to be indictors for HBV infection, while individuals in the age 39 group between 46 and 65 years were at higher risk for HCV infection. Provision of community-40 based health education, vaccination, mass screening and providing treatment would have utmost 41 importance in reducing the transmission of these diseases in the present study area. 42 2 43 E viruses. Among these, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most 48 common causes of viral hepatitis [2]. 49 Both HBV and HCV can be transmitted through sexual, blood or vertically from mother-to-child 50 [3]. Thus, individuals who require blood transfusion, those who have multiple sexual partners 51 and infants born to HBV or HCV infected mothers are at a high-risk for acquiring HBV or 52 HCV infection [4]. Both viruses can cause acute and chronic infection of the liver [5, 6]. Chronic 53 HBV and HCV infections are the leading causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality [7, 8]. 54 Between 15% and 40% of chronically infected individuals can develop serious liver disease and 55 transmit the viruses to others [9, 10]. Globally, about 257 m...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Community-based Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infections in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Woldegiorgis

Erku

Medhin

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…A prevalence of 4.4% was reported from a neighbouring country, Ghana and 1.8% for Libya and 0.11% for California, USA [20,35,36]. A prevalence rate of 4.14% has been reported for Western Africa where Nigeria falls [34]. Trends of infection among the blood donors for HCV and HIV infection showed a similar pattern of moderate fluctuation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Studies on HCV prevalence in Sub Saharan African showed that blood donors consistently had lower prevalence (1.9 %) than the general population prevalence [34]. A prevalence of 0.8 to 6.0% has been reported among blood donors in Nigeria [4,5,8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Seven Year Review of the Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections in a Hospital Based Blood Bank in Ibadan, Nigeria

Fasola¹

2017

CMR

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Africa has the highest prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections. The World Health Organization recommends universal and quality-controlled screening of blood donations for the major transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs): human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis. Therefore a retrospective study was conducted to assess the effect of strategies in our blood bank to improve blood safety on the seroprevalence of HIV, HCV, HBV and syphilis infections among the donors over a seven year period. Existing data in the blood bank was used to determine number of the blood donors who were infected with HIV, HCV, HBV and syphilis. The test methods used to screen the donors were identified. The trend of prevalence of the transfusion transmitted infections among the blood donors from 2009 to 2015 was also determine. A total of 41,445 blood donors were screened. Voluntary blood donors constituted 11.1% of the donor population. The overall seroprevalence rate for the TTI was 12.3%. The prevalence was highest for HBV (8.5%) followed by HIV (1.8%), HCV (1.4%) and least for syphilis (0.5%) respectively. The infections showed significant inter-year variation (p<.001). A decreasing trend was observed for HBV among the blood donors while increase in prevalence of HIV, HCV and syphilis was observed from 2012 to 2014 and decreased in 2015. The prevalence of syphilis has risen from 0% in 2009 to 0.9% in 2015. The seroprevalence for TTI is high but is less compared to report from a previous study in same blood bank. The increasing infection rate for syphilis and sporadic surges in rates for HIV, HCV may suggest that the selection criteria is not effectively eliminating blood donors with risky lifestyle. There is need to educate the blood donors on avoiding risky lifestyle while also intensifying voluntary blood donor motivation strategy and increase community surveillance of the infections.

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“…Across Sub‐Saharan Africa, prevalence of malaria during pregnancy (peripheral parasitemia) ranges between 29.5% (in Eastern and Southern Africa) and 35.1% (in Western and Central Africa) . Estimates for hepatitis are high, with a median of 4.3% of pregnancies diagnosed with seroprevalence of hepatitis B serum antigen (HBsAg), and between 2.5% and 3.0% of pregnant women in Africa infected with hepatitis C (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The frequency of maternal morbidity: A systematic review of systematic reviews

Gon

Leite

Calvert

et al. 2018

Int J Gynecol Obstet

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BackgroundEstimates of the burden of maternal morbidity are patchy.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of systematic reviews of maternal conditions to: (1) make available the most up‐to‐date frequency estimates; (2) identify which conditions do not have reliable estimates; and (3) scrutinize the quality of the available reviews.Search strategyWe searched Embase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL, combining terms for pregnancy, frequency (e.g. prevalence, incidence), publication type, and specific terms for each of 121 conditions.Selection criteriaWe included peer‐reviewed systematic reviews aiming to estimate the frequency of at least one of the conditions in WHO's list of maternal morbidities, with estimates from at least two countries.Data collection and analysisWe present the frequency estimates with their uncertainty bounds by condition, region, and pregnancy/postpartum period. We also assess and present information on the quality of the systematic reviews.Main resultsOut of 11 930 found, 48 reviews were selected and one more was added. From 49 reviews we extracted 34 direct and 60 indirect frequency estimates covering 35 conditions. No review was available for 71% of the conditions on the WHO list. The extracted estimates show substantial maternal morbidity, spanning the time before and beyond childbirth. There were several gaps in the quality of the reviews. Notably, one‐third of the estimates were based only on facility‐based studies.ConclusionsGood‐quality systematic reviews are needed for several conditions, as a research priority.

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A Synthesis of Hepatitis C prevalence estimates in Sub-Saharan Africa: 2000–2013

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Community-based Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infections in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Community-based Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infections in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

A Seven Year Review of the Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections in a Hospital Based Blood Bank in Ibadan, Nigeria

The frequency of maternal morbidity: A systematic review of systematic reviews

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