A synopsis of the birds of North America /

Audubon, John James

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.132894

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…In the PGN core, sedimentary δ 15 N values of 15‰ in pre-1850s sediment indicate that birds have been nesting on Pigeon Island for the period encompassed by the core. As ring-billed gulls were common in this area in the 19 th century [ 39 ] and the island was dominated by this species up until recently [ 17 ], it is possible that Pigeon Island has been a long used habitat for ring-billed gull colonies. Furthermore, cormorants were common in North America at this time [ 40 ], and may have used Pigeon Island for nesting, though there are no historical documents to confirm this possibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As ring-billed gulls were common in this area in the 19 th century [ 39 ] and the island was dominated by this species up until recently [ 17 ], it is possible that Pigeon Island has been a long used habitat for ring-billed gull colonies. Furthermore, cormorants were common in North America at this time [ 40 ], and may have used Pigeon Island for nesting, though there are no historical documents to confirm this possibility. In PGN, the gradual increase in sedimentary δ 15 N that began around 11 cm (~1850) indicates an increase in influence of higher trophic levels, which could be attributed to the building of a lighthouse and permanent settlement of people on Pigeon Island in 1870 (contributing human wastes to the landscape), as well as the increasing populations of ring-billed gulls that occurred later in the 1930s and 1940s [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracking the History and Ecological Changes of Rising Double-Crested Cormorant Populations Using Pond Sediments from Islands in Eastern Lake Ontario

et al. 2015

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In the Laurentian Great Lakes region, the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) has seen a thousand-fold population increase in recent decades. These large colonies of birds now often conflict with socioeconomic interests, particularly due to perceived competition with fisheries and the destruction of terrestrial vegetation in nesting habitats. Here we use dated sediment cores from ponds on islands in eastern Lake Ontario that receive waste inputs from dense colonies of cormorants and ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) to chronicle the population rise of these species and assess their long-term ecological impacts. Modern water chemistry sampling from these sites reveals drastically elevated nutrient and major ion concentrations compared to reference ponds not influenced by waterbirds. Geochemical tracers in dated sediment cores, particularly δ15N and chlorophyll-a concentrations, track waterbird influences over time. Fossil diatom assemblages were dominated by species tolerant of hyper-eutrophic and polluted systems, which is in marked contrast to assemblages in reference sites. In addition to establishing long-term ecological impacts, this multi-proxy paleoecological approach can be used to determine whether islands of concern have been long-term nesting sites or were only recently colonized by cormorant or ring-billed gull populations across the Great Lakes, facilitating informed management decisions about controversial culling programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the History and Ecological Changes of Rising Double-Crested Cormorant Populations Using Pond Sediments from Islands in Eastern Lake Ontario

et al. 2015

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“…The available genus Peucaea has taxonomic priority. It was erected by Audubon (1839) to include Fringilla bachmanii ( Aimophila aestivalis ) and Fringilla lincolnii ( Melospiza lincolnii ), and later expanded to include taxa from both Aimophila complexes (Baird 1858, Sclater and Salvin 1868, Coues 1884). Later, the AOU (1910) redefined it to include only the three species in the “ botterii complex”.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular systematic revision of two historically problematic songbird clades: Aimophila and Pipilo

DaCosta¹,

Spellman²,

Escalante³

et al. 2009

Journal of Avian Biology

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The emberizid genera Aimophila and Pipilo represent longstanding taxonomic conundrums. Each is comprised of subclades whose members appear to share diagnostic morphological and behavioral characters; however, relationships among sub-clades within each of these genera remain unclear, and numerous authors have suggested that either one or both of these genera may be polyphyletic. We addressed this taxonomic problem by sequencing and analyzing complete mitochondrial cytochrome-b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 genes for all members of Aimophila and Pipilo along with 33 species representing 17 additional emberizid genera. Our maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses indicate that both Aimophila and Pipilo are polyphyletic. Aimophila is divided into a minimum of three distinct groups. The forms notosticta, ruficeps, and rufescens are part of a well-supported clade that includes all members of Melozone and some members of Pipilo. Aimophila quinquestriata is placed within Amphispiza, and the remaining members of Aimophila are placed within a clade that includes all members of Arremonops and some members of Ammodramus. Within Pipilo, the ''rufous-sided'' and ''brown'' towhee groups do not form sister groups. Rather, the former are most closely related to the tropical genus Atlapetes whereas the latter are placed nearest Melozone and some Aimophila. Our analyses reject traditional taxonomic arrangements for both genera, and we present suggestions for a revised taxonomy for all members of Aimophila and Pipilo. These results provide further evidence of discordance among phylogenetic hypotheses based on morphological and molecular characters for groups of birds with generally conserved morphology.

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“…The conversion from hollow trees to chimneys appears to have occurred rapidly in settled areas and several authors noted that chimney swifts were common to abundant in the vicinity of settlements and cities in the early nineteenth century (Wilson, 1812;Audubon, 1839). The conversion from hollow trees to chimneys appears to have occurred rapidly in settled areas and several authors noted that chimney swifts were common to abundant in the vicinity of settlements and cities in the early nineteenth century (Wilson, 1812;Audubon, 1839).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian commensals in Colonial America: when did Chaetura pelagica become the chimney swift?

Graves¹

2004

Archives of Natural History

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The clearing of primeval forest in eastern North America by European colonists led to a profound shift in the breeding ecology of the chimney swift (Chaetura pelagica). Historical accounts show that the swift, which nested in hollow trees during the pre-Colonial era, began nesting in chimneys as early as 1672 in New England, indicating that it was among the fi rst native North American birds to nest commensally in European dwellings. Based on historical descriptions of nest sites and on changes in its vernacular name, the swift nested almost exclusively in chimneys on the Atlantic coastal plain by the late eighteenth century. Tree-nesting is now a rare phenomenon and fewer than two dozen instances of such behavior have been reported since 1900.

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A synopsis of the birds of North America /

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Tracking the History and Ecological Changes of Rising Double-Crested Cormorant Populations Using Pond Sediments from Islands in Eastern Lake Ontario

Tracking the History and Ecological Changes of Rising Double-Crested Cormorant Populations Using Pond Sediments from Islands in Eastern Lake Ontario

A molecular systematic revision of two historically problematic songbird clades: Aimophila and Pipilo

Avian commensals in Colonial America: when did Chaetura pelagica become the chimney swift?

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