“…To obtain the mechanical shock output response, spring-assisted structures are typically used to convert lowfrequency mechanical shocks into high-frequency vibrations to improve energy conversion efficiency. [18][19][20][21] TENGs of various shapes, such as spherical, [22][23][24][25] circular arc shape, 26,27 disk honeycomb shape, 28 and cuboid, [29][30][31][32] have been designed for various energy harvesting scenarios. However, adding springs results in a complex TENG structure, high failure rate, difficult maintenance, and low space utilization rate.…”