A Synchronous Fluorescence Spectrofluorometric Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Clonazepam and Paroxetine Hydrochloride in Combined Pharmaceutical Dose Form

Abstract

ÖZAmaç: Yüksek spesifiklikte spektral ayırıcılığı, kolay bulunan çözücülerin kullanımı, ekonomik ve çevre dostu oluşu ve ekstraksiyona gerek duymaması sebebiyle birinci türev senkron spektroflorimetri yönteminin üstün olduğu bulundu. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada farmasötik preparatlardan klonazepam (CLO) ve paroksetin hidroklorürün (PH) eş zamanlı tayini için basit, hassas ve zamandan tasarruf sağlayan birinci türev senkronize spektroflorimetri yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Bulgular: CLO, 512.79 nm'deki (PH'nin sıfır olduğu dalga boyu noktasında) emisyon dalga boyunda tayin edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde PH ise 336.00 nm'deki (CLO'nun sıfır olduğu dalga boyu noktasında) emisyon dalga boyunda ölçüm yapılarak tayin edilmiştir. Birinci türev için pik yüksekliğine karşı çizilen konsantrasyon grafiği CLO için 1-5 µg/mL, PH için 5-25 µg/mL aralığında doğrusal olarak bulunmuştur. Yöntemin istatistiksel validasyonu ICH kılavuzlarına uygun olarak istatistiksel gerçekleştirilmiştir. Teşhis sınırı CLO ve PH için sırasıyla 0.055 ve 0.033 µg/mL, tayin sınırı ise 0.169 ve 0.102 µg/mL'dir. Önerilen yöntem kullanılarak piyasa preparatlarındaki yüzde geri kazanım sonuçları CLO ve PH için sırasıyla %100.45 ile %99.38 arasında ve yüzde bağıl standart sapma değerleri de kesinlik ve doğruluk çalışmalarında 2'den daha düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu spektroflorimetri yönteminin, basit spektrumlar, yüksek seçicilik ve düşük girişim gibi birçok avantajı olduğu bulunmuştur. Yüksek duyarlılığından dolayı, bu yöntem CLO ve PH'nin birlikte formüle edilmiş dozaj formlarından analizi için uygundur. Anahtar kelimeler: Birinci türev senkronize spektroflorimetri, klonazepam, paroksetin hidroklorür Objectives: First derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry has been found to be superior because of its highly specific spectral discrimination and readily available solvent, it is economical, eco-friendly, and lacks an extraction procedure. Materials and Methods:In the present study, a new simple, sensitive, and time-saving first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of clonazepam (CLO) and paroxetine hydrochloride (PH) in pharmaceutical dose forms. Results: CLO was determined at the emission wavelength of 512.79 nm (zero-crossing wavelength point of PH). Similarly, PH was measured at 336.00 nm (zero-crossing wavelength point of CLO). The first derivative amplitude-concentration plots were rectilinear over the range of 1-5 µg/ mL for CLO and 5-25 µg/mL for PH. The method was validated statistically as per the ICH guidelines. The limits of detection were 0.055 and 0.033 µg/mL and quantification limits were 0.169 and 0.102 µg/mL for CLO and PH, respectively. The percentage recovery in commercial formulation was found to be in the range 100.45% and 99.38% for CLO and PH, respectively, by the proposed method, and percent relative standard deviation values for precision and accuracy studies were found to be less than 2. Conclusion: This spectrofluorimetry method has been found to have several ad...

A versatile ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe for the determination of clonazepam in patients' plasma samples

“…Upon addition of CLZ to the probe, the fluorescence intensity of PDNPs is enhanced by blocking the quenching effect of π‐π interactions. A comparison of the analytical figure‐of‐merits of the fabricated method and reported methods has been collected in Table 1 2,4,5,8–11,34–39 . The developed probe provided high sensitivity, low cost, and a simple detection process, among other advantages, compared to previously reported platforms.…”

“…A comparison of the analytical figure-of-merits of the fabricated method and reported methods has been collected in Table 1. 2,4,5,[8][9][10][11][34][35][36][37][38][39] The developed probe provided high sensitivity, low cost, and a simple detection process, among other advantages, compared to previously reported platforms. Furthermore, its detection performance was investigated in the quantification of CLZ in patients' plasma samples.…”

Spectrophotometric Estimation of Clonazepam as Pure Form and in its Pharmaceutical Formulation (Tablet) Using Alizarin Red S

“…Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative that is widely used as a treatment for sleep disorders, anxiety, muscle relaxant, sedative, and epileptic seizures. It has side effects such as drowsiness and fatigue when low doses lead to dizziness, mood swings, and memory loss at high concentrations (Gurusamy and Thangadurai, 2019;Degreef et al , 2021;Qriouet et al, 2019) .…”

“…Several analytical methods have been reported for assay of CLZM in different samples including diazo coupling spectrophotometric methods (Hajir and Kassim, 2020;Ameen and Al-Badry, 2005), Cloud point extraction (CPE) combined with diazocoupling (Abdullah, 2017;Mahdi and Kadhim, 2020), oxidative coupling (Saddam and Kadhim, 2019;Mahdi and Kadim, 2018), charge transfer (Hadi, 2015;Zankanah and Dikran, 2017;Salem et al, 2002), Prussian blue complex (Fadhel and Khamees, 2018), UV-spectrophotometry (Kakde and Satone, 2009;Karajgi et al , 2016), spectrofluorometric (Patel and Chhalotiya, 2017;Belal et al, 2017;Salem et al, 2004).…”