A sustainable urban form: The challenges of compactness from the viewpoint of energy consumption and carbon emission

Ye, Hong; He, Xiaoyan; Song, Yu; Li, Xinhu; Zhang, Guoqin; Lin, Tao; Xiao, Lishan

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.02.011

Cited by 97 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The energy consumption for 20 cities was estimated using Equation (12). The parameters are listed as following (Table 2).…”

Section: Urban Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Equation (11), energy consumption can be estimated by Equation (12) for an individual city:…”

Section: Estimation Of Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The form of an urban landscape has an impact on the travel behavior and energy consumption of individuals while traveling [11]. Addressing sustainable urban forms, Ye et al determined that compactness is positively linked with household energy consumption [12]. By selecting and analyzing the 125 largest urbanized areas in the U.S., Lee and Lee investigated how the urban form influences household energy consumption [13]; their results indicated that the reduction of energy consumption can be realized in terms of urban form optimization and urban planning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of the Impacts of Urban Land Use Patterns on Energy Consumption in China: A Case Study of 20 Provincial Capital Cities

Zhao

Thinh

2017

Sustainability

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Urban land use patterns are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to energy consumption. However, few studies have quantified the impacts of urban land use patterns on energy consumption. In this study, we analyzed the impacts of urban land use patterns on energy consumption for 20 provincial capital cities in China from 2000 to 2010. Landsat data and spatial metrics were first used to quantify the urban land use patterns, and then city-level energy consumption was estimated based on nighttime light (NTL) data and statistical provincial energy consumption data. Finally, a panel data analysis was applied to investigate the impacts of urban land use patterns on energy consumption. Our results showed that NTL data were effective for estimating energy consumption at the city level and indicated that accelerated energy consumption was caused by increases in the irregularity of urban land forms and the expansion of urban land. Moreover, significant regional differences in the impacts of urban land use patterns on energy consumptions were identified. Our results provide insights into the relationship between urban growth and energy consumption and may support effective planning towards sustainable development.

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“…The energy consumption for 20 cities was estimated using Equation (12). The parameters are listed as following (Table 2).…”

Section: Urban Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Equation (11), energy consumption can be estimated by Equation (12) for an individual city:…”

Section: Estimation Of Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigation of the Impacts of Urban Land Use Patterns on Energy Consumption in China: A Case Study of 20 Provincial Capital Cities

Zhao

Thinh

2017

Sustainability

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“…They found that residents living in neighbourhoods with higher job density emitted less CO 2 from work related trips, and people resident in neighbourhoods with higher retail density tended to travel shorter distance and emitted less CO 2 emission from non-work trips. From the viewpoint of energy consumption and CO 2 emissions to assess the sustainability of urban form, Ye et al [33] found that urban sprawl aspects of compactness were positively correlated with urban household energy use CO 2 emissions. Using 125 largest urbanised areas in the U.S., Lee and Lee [34] examined how urban form influence an individual household's CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing urban forms and carbon dioxide emissions in China: A case study of 30 provincial capital cities

2015

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h i g h l i g h t sThe relationship between urban form and CO 2 emissions is investigated. A panel data model is used, taking the period 1990-2010. The growth of urban areas correlates positively with CO 2 emissions. Increases in urban continuity has an inhibitory effect on CO 2 emissions. Increased urban shape complexity exhibits a positive influence in relation to CO 2 emissions. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tUrban form is increasingly being recognised by scientists for the potential role it might play in the coordination of sustainable urban development and the reduction of CO 2 emissions. However, despite increasing interest in the morphology of cities in climate change science, few quantitative estimates have been made of the effects of urban form on CO 2 emissions. The goal of this study is to quantify this relation, using panel data for China's 30 provincial capital cities from 1990 to 2010. In order to meet this aim, we first selected a series of urban form indicators, which we quantified by applying spatial metrics to remotely sensed data. We then estimated CO 2 emission levels using a unified standard method recommended by the IPCC Guidelines, and subsequently performed a panel data analysis. The results of the study demonstrated a positive correlation between the growth of urban areas and CO 2 emission levels. Further, it was also found that increased ''urban continuity" led to reductions in CO 2 emissions and that, conversely, increased ''urban shape complexity" exerted a positive influence in relation to CO 2 emissions. The findings of this study indicate that measures to make existing cities in China more compact may in fact help to reduce levels of CO 2 emissions, just as increasing fragmentation or increased irregularity with respect to urban form may contribute to increased CO 2 emissions. If serious about achieving meaningful reductions in CO 2 emissions, decision makers and planners should take urban form into consideration when developing low-carbon cities in China.

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“…Land use [5,6] Environment, climate, thermal comfort [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] Daylight availability and solar potential [7,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] Energy consumption in: mobility [16,22,23,24,25,26,27] buildings [15,27,28,29,30] In these analyses usually the city is dived into building blocks/textures with group of private/public buildings, open spaces and streets. The division allows defining the urban metric [31] which is extremely useful to define parameters for measuring physical quantities related to environmental monitoring [12] and for energy efficiency analysis [32].…”

Section: Application Field Main Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Urban Form and Socio-Economic Variables for Extimating the Building Energy Savings Potential at the Urban Scale

Delmastro¹,

Mutani²,

Schranz³

et al. 2015

IJHT

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In the past, to make the city liveable, the urban morphology has always be considered taking into account the climate, the buildings' density and characteristics, the type of inhabitants and their social condition. On the contrary, recently in the urban planning process the morphological aspects are no more included even if they influence the energy consumption, the thermal comfort of the urban spaces and the district air quality. Moreover, the socio-economic conditions of inhabitants might strongly affect the lifestyle choice and behavior of building occupants and thus, the probability of success of urban planning measures for energy conservation. The present study aims to: 1) identify the correlation between thermal energy consumption for space heating and urban variables and 2) investigate the role of socio-economic variables in energy savings potential. The city of Turin is suitable for these analyses because it is characterized by different urban forms and urban spaces and by various characteristics of the population. By using a GIS tool, the district 3, chosen as a case study, has been divided into different urban textures considering their urban and socio-economic characteristics. The results of this study show that the measured energy consumption of single building depends on the physical building features (f.i. thermal insulation level, the compactness, the energy system efficiency etc.) but also on the urban form and the streets' orientation. Another important result is that the social and economic situation of inhabitants has a relevant role in the success of sustainable policies. These conclusions may support urban planners in the definition of new urban areas with some "preliminary" energy savings measures at no cost and in formulating tailored policies according to socio-economic conditions from district to district.

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A sustainable urban form: The challenges of compactness from the viewpoint of energy consumption and carbon emission

Cited by 97 publications

References 22 publications

Investigation of the Impacts of Urban Land Use Patterns on Energy Consumption in China: A Case Study of 20 Provincial Capital Cities

Investigation of the Impacts of Urban Land Use Patterns on Energy Consumption in China: A Case Study of 20 Provincial Capital Cities

Changing urban forms and carbon dioxide emissions in China: A case study of 30 provincial capital cities

The Role of Urban Form and Socio-Economic Variables for Extimating the Building Energy Savings Potential at the Urban Scale

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