A sustainable cultivation of microalgae using dairy and fish wastes for enhanced biomass and bio-product production

Green Chemistry to Valorize Seafood Side Streams: An Ecofriendly Roadmap toward Sustainability

“…Microalgae, including Chlorella sp., H. pluvialis , and C. saipanensis , grew well in fish waste and accumulated intracellular nonpolar storage lipids and pigments . The various methods of both biomass harvesting and lipid extraction for biofuel production from microalgae have been discussed . There has been a growing focus on biodiesel production from various recalcitrant wastes for the cultivation of oleaginous yeasts.…”

“…128 The various methods of both biomass harvesting and lipid extraction for biofuel production from microalgae have been discussed. 129 There has been a growing focus on biodiesel production from various recalcitrant wastes for the cultivation of oleaginous yeasts. The metabolic pathways that facilitate the conversion of recalcitrant waste into single-cell oil (SCO) have been pointed out.…”

Biotechnology for Increased Resource Utilization of Fish Side-Streams

“…There are several examples of cultivation of microalgae from fish-side streams. Venugopal and Sashidharan [43] discussed microalgae cultivation from fish by-catch and side streams as a future protein source, while Vidya et al [44] combined processing side streams from dairy and fish as substrates for microalgae with the production of lipids and high-value pigments and Tropea et al [45] combined fermented fish side streams with lemon peel for production of aquafeed. These are just a few examples and researchers claim that we only see the start of the full potential of using fermentation for new food ingredients [46].…”

Microalgal production under mixotrophic conditions using cheese whey as substrate

“…Melo et al (2018) and Silva et al (2017) showed that microalgae growth can be enhanced by utilizing free or inexpensive carbon organic substrates in mixotrophic or heterotrophic conditions. The use of wastewater in microalgae cultivation has gained considerable attention because it salvages unused nutrients, reduces freshwater demand, and avoids or reduces wastewater treatment costs, making it a green production system with simultaneous production of biomass or other value-added products (Zanette et al, 2019;Vidya et al, 2021). Agro-industrial by-products or wastewater can be used as a sustainable source to improve cell productivity and reduce production costs and pollutants discharged in the environment (Melo et al, 2018;Markou, Wang, Ye, & Unc, 2019).…”

“…For example, dairy wastewater has been used as an energy and carbon source under mixotrophic conditions for the growth of some microalgae species, such as Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella protothecoides, Chlorella sp., Chlamydomonas polypyrenoideum, Chroococcus sp., Coelastrella saipanensis, Haematococcus pluvialis, Scenedesmus obliquus, Dunaliella sp., and Arthrospira platensis (Abreu, Fernandes, Vicente, Teixeira & Dragone, 2012;Kothari, Prasad, Kumar, & Singh, 2013;Girard et al, 2014;Vieira Salla et al 2016;Melo et al, 2018;Patel, Joun, Hong, & Sim, 2019;Vidya et al, 2021). Other microalgae species are obligate phototrophs owing to the lack of efficient sugar uptake mechanism or an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle for efficient absorption of organic carbon sources (Chen & Chen, 2006).…”