A sustainable and ecological approach to integrated cocoa pest management in Indonesia
M Rizal,
E Karmawati,
Siswanto
et al.
Abstract:Cocoa is one of Indonesia’s leading plantation crops, playing a crucial role in providing employment, generating foreign exchange, and income for farmers. However, many cocoa plantations are old and damaged due to inadequate maintenance and pest attacks. Farmers frequently apply crop management practices without considering the environmental impact, such as using inorganic fertilizers, chemical pesticides and herbicides, and intensive land exploitation. There is a need to increase sustainable cocoa production … Show more
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