“…Finally, in comparison with the more extensive programming on girls and safety, there has been relatively limited research and intervention focused on influencing boys’ and men’s levels of respect for women’s presence and rights within the public domain (Erulkar, Apicella, & Ferede, 2011; Hossain et al, 2014). Although there have been efforts to develop women’s collective empowerment within the public domain, there continue to be high levels of GBV experienced by girls and women in fragile conflict-affected populations, particularly against those who are perceived to transgress male-dominated spaces (Bandiera et al, 2012; Barker, Ricardo, & Nascimento, 2007; Blanc, Melnikas, Chau, & Stoner, 2013; Brady et al, 2007; Guimond & Robinette, 2014; Lewis, 2006; Trenholm, Olsson, & Ahlberg, 2011). Addressing male presence in and dominance of public spaces, along with boys’ and men’s contributions to the prevalence of sexual violence, is an essential component of future research and intervention.…”