A survey on waste heat recovery: Electric power generation and potential prospects within Pakistan

Zeb, Kamran; Ali, Saqib; Khan, Bilal; Mehmood, C. A.; Tareen, N.; Din, Waqar Ud; Farid, U.; Haider, Aun

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.096

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Energy conservation opportunities in Pakistan are estimated to be 5 billion USD per year with a share of 25% for industry, 20% for agriculture, 20% for transport, and 30% for buildings [5]. Energy saving in the industrial sector can be realized if some integrated energy management and improved energy efficiency are adopted [6][7][8]. However, like the other developing countries, the energy management practices in energy-intensive industries in Pakistan are mostly based on manual calculations and therefore are not fully robust and integrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drivers and Barriers for Efficient Energy Management Practices in Energy-Intensive Industries: A Case-Study of Iron and Steel Sector

et al. 2020

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The two major reasons behind the world’s energy crisis are losses in energy transmission and less efficient energy use at sinks. The former flaw can be catered by changing the entire energy transmission system which requires investment and planning on a large scale, whereas the later deficiency can be overcome through proper management of energy utilizing systems. Energy-intensive industries have a substantial share in energy consumption and equally high energy saving potentials if they adopt some integrated and improved energy efficiency. This study investigates the energy management systems in the iron and steel sector of Pakistan, and compare it with findings of similar work in Sweden, Bangladesh, and Ghana. A systematic questionnaire was circulated in the iron and steel sector across the country and afterward the collected data was analyzed to find major barriers and drivers for efficient energy management practices. In addition, questions on non-energy benefits and information sources relevant to the energy efficiency were also part of the questionnaire. Cost reduction resulting from lowered energy use was rated as the most important driver for applying energy-efficient operation. On the other hand, the cost of production disruption was considered among high-level barriers to the implementation of improved energy efficiency. An increase in the life-time of equipment was labeled as the top non-energy benefits. Company peers and seminars/conferences were referred as the best information sources related to energy efficiency. The outcome of the study will be helpful to the decision-maker in the industry, as well as the government levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energy policies and energy management practices have also been the subject of interest in Pakistan [6][7][8][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Mirjat et al [37] argued that government policies since independence varied over time and had been less integrated without the use of energy modeling tools e.g., LEAP, MARKAL/TIMES, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers and Barriers for Efficient Energy Management Practices in Energy-Intensive Industries: A Case-Study of Iron and Steel Sector

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, various microelectronic devices, like wireless sensor networks, mobile devices (e.g., mp3 player, smartphones and iPod), and biomedical devices are developed. The thermoelectric energy harvesters are microelectronic devices made of inorganic thermoelectric materials, at different dimensions, with a lifetime of about 5 years [69] and electric output powers are cardiac pacemakers (P ¼ 70÷100 μW) [70], pulse oximeter P ¼ 100 μW ðÞ [71], wireless communication P $ 3mW ðÞ [72], electrocardiography (ECG)/electroencephalography (EEG)/ electromyography (EMG) with P ¼ 60÷200 μW [73], EEG headband (P ¼ 2÷2:5 mW) [74], ECG system (P $ 0:5 μWÞ [75], Hearing aid (P $ 1 μWÞ [76] and Wireless EEG [77]. Together with the progress of flexible thermoelectric materials (both organic and inorganic materials), flexible TEG S system benefits from special attention.…”

Section: Microelectronic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heat radiated from the mass is absorbed by the infrared sensor (IR) and the temperature increase leads to the generation of the Seebeck voltage. The thermoelectric IR sensor operates in a range from 7 to 14 μm [69].…”

Section: Teg As a Thermal Energy Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting: Basic Principles and Applications

Enescu¹

2019

Green Energy Advances

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Green energy harvesting aims to supply electricity to electric or electronic systems from one or different energy sources present in the environment without grid connection or utilisation of batteries. These energy sources are solar (photovoltaic), movements (kinetic), radio-frequencies and thermal energy (thermoelectricity). The thermoelectric energy harvesting technology exploits the Seebeck effect. This effect describes the conversion of temperature gradient into electric power at the junctions of the thermoelectric elements of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) device. This device is a robust and highly reliable energy converter, which aims to generate electricity in applications in which the heat would be otherwise dissipated. The significant request for thermoelectric energy harvesting is justified by developing new thermoelectric materials and the design of new TEG devices. Moreover, the thermoelectric energy harvesting devices are used for waste heat harvesting in microscale applications. Potential TEG applications as energy harvesting modules are used in medical devices, sensors, buildings and consumer electronics. This chapter presents an overview of the fundamental principles of thermoelectric energy harvesting and their low-power applications.

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“…Generally, the heat dissipated from processes exits through air filtration systems, flues, or vents. Heat recovery system plays an important role in extracting heat for energy-related sectors (Zeb et al 2017). WHR power plant is a way for energy optimization and saving which is capable of providing 25% of the plant's electricity demand.…”

Section: Status Of Renewable Energy Use In Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Current Status of Renewable Energies and Their Limitations in Iran

Pahlavan

Jahangiri

Shamsabadi

et al. 2020

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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Innovative and more sustainable methods of supplying energy needs in the world have led to a change in the dependency model for fossil fuels, including more integrated planning and adoption of new and motivating models regarding the use of renewable energy. Today, with the reduction of fossil fuel consumption in the world, the use of renewable energy has gained an important role in the global energy mix, but according to studies, the share of renewable energy in Iran’s energy mix is very small. Therefore, the present paper attempts to present all potentialities for obtaining clean energy in Iran by assessing the current state of renewable energies. The fact that, in the present time, the real value of energy carriers is not appreciated properly in Iran, on the one hand, and the lack of willingness to invest in these energies in the private sector, which may have been less protected, on the other hand, has caused the consumption level of fossil fuels to remain unchanged, which may have some disadvantages, such as environmental damage, in addition to their utilization. The authors of the paper are of the opinion that, on the one hand, by finding solutions for bank investment problems, easing restrictive laws, providing bank with guarantees by investors, as well as modifying parts of the guaranteed electricity purchase contract for accepting foreign banks to provide loans and obtain financing, and on the other hand, by facilitating the process of obtaining land permits and connecting to these power plants, Iran is not far from reaching a reasonable rank in the world.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

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A survey on waste heat recovery: Electric power generation and potential prospects within Pakistan

Cited by 52 publications

References 125 publications

Drivers and Barriers for Efficient Energy Management Practices in Energy-Intensive Industries: A Case-Study of Iron and Steel Sector

Drivers and Barriers for Efficient Energy Management Practices in Energy-Intensive Industries: A Case-Study of Iron and Steel Sector

Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting: Basic Principles and Applications

Assessing the Current Status of Renewable Energies and Their Limitations in Iran

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