A survey on the state of the art of force myography technique (FMG): analysis and assessment

Abstract

Precise feedback assures precise control commands especially for assistive or rehabilitation devices. Biofeedback systems integrated with assistive or rehabilitative robotic exoskeletons tend to increase its performance and effectiveness. Therefore, there has been plenty of research in the field of biofeedback covering different aspects such as signal acquisition, conditioning, feature extraction and integration with the control system. Among several types of biofeedback systems, Force myography (FMG) technique is a promising one in terms of affordability, high classification accuracies, ease to use, and low computational cost. Compared to traditional biofeedback systems such as electromyography (EMG) which offers some invasive techniques, FMG offers a completely non-invasive solution with much less effort for preprocessing with high accuracies. This work covers the whole aspects of FMG technique in terms of signal acquisition, feature extraction, signal processing, developing the machine learning model, evaluating tools for the performance of the model. Stating the difference between real-time and offline assessment, also highlighting the main uncovered points for further study, and thus enhancing the development of this technique. Graphical abstract

Real-time Hand-Tracking with Skin-Conformal Force Myography based on Wrist-Worn Laser Induced Graphene Strain Sensor Arrays

“…FMG signal can be sampled at a lower sampling frequency and since it directly measures forces, fewer data processing steps are needed to translate the raw signal to muscle movement as compared to sEMG [23]. While there has been significant progress in developing FMG devices, most of them are bulky and restrictive to the user movement [23,24]. Non-stretchable sensors such as commercially available resistive thick film polymeric sensors are commonly used for FMG applications; however, they do not stretch with the skin and are not conformal and hence, limiting the user comfort [25][26][27].…”