A survey on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw and processed milk samples marketed in Lebanon

Elkak, Assem; Abbas, Mohamad; Atat, Oula El

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.04.026

Cited by 48 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Again, no samples exceeded the Codex Alimentarius maximum level, but between 7% and 26% of samples were above the current European Union statutory limit for AFM 1 in milk. The presence of AFM 1 concentration in milk samples in the present study was comparable with previously reported studies (Tekins°en and Eken 2008;Ghazani 2009;Manetta et al 2009;Fallah 2010;Rahimi et al 2010;Assem et al 2011), as shown in Table 4. However, our reported concentration of AFM 1 in milk was lower than that of other studies (Rastogi et al 2004;Razza 2006;Unusan 2006;Ghanem and Orfi 2009;Nuryono et al 2009;Elzupir and Elhussein 2010;Sani et al 2010).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Aflatoxin M₁contamination in cow and buffalo milk samples from the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Punjab provinces of Pakistan

Iqbal

Asi

Ariño

2011

Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A total of 178 milk samples (94 of buffalo and 84 of cow) were randomly taken from Punjab and the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan (n = 89 in each province) and analysed for the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) by HPLC-FLD. From Punjab about 46% of buffalo's and 49% of cow's milks were contaminated with AFM1 as compared with 52% and 51% for milk samples from NWFP, respectively. Overall, the mean AFM1 concentration was 0.046 µg kg(-1) with a maximum of 0.350 µg kg(-1). All samples complied with the Codex Alimentarius limit of 0.50 µg kg(-1) for AFM1 in milk, but 16.3% of samples exceeded the European Union maximum level of 0.05 µg kg(-1). Another set of 415 buffalo's and cow's milk samples (213 morning milks and 202 evening milks) were analysed. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between mean AFM1 concentrations in milk during the morning (0.043 µg kg(-1)) and the evening (0.028 µg kg(-1)) lactation times.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Aflatoxin M₁contamination in cow and buffalo milk samples from the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Punjab provinces of Pakistan

Iqbal

Asi

Ariño

2011

Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Santili (2010) extracted and purified raw milk samples by immunoaffinity columns and quantified aflatoxin M 1 by HPLC-FD, finding it in 49% of the 429 samples collected in São Paulo (SP, Brazil), with 0.7% being above the maximum limit allowed in Brazil. Picinin et al (2013) It is known that aflatoxins are heat treatment stable (Assem et al, 2011;Prandini et al, 2009;Shundo et al, 2009). Studies carried out in Brazil (Scaglioni et al, 2014) and other countries (Farah Nadira et al, 2017;Armorini et al, 2016;Bellio et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2013;Kabak & Özbey, 2012) prove that even in pasteurized or ultrapasteurized milk, aflatoxin M 1 is found at levels often higher than the allowed maximum limit established by national regulations (Becker-Algeri et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of aflatoxin M1 in fresh milk from small farms

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this work was to determine aflatoxin M 1 in fresh milk from fifty-two small farms in the city of Concórdia -SC, Brazil. Samples from the cooling tanks of each property were collected from November 2014 to January 2015. The QuEChERS method was used for the extraction of aflatoxin M 1 , and quantification was performed in UHPLC-FL. 40.4% of the analyzed samples (eg, 21 samples) showed contamination levels by aflatoxin M 1 above the maximum limit allowed by the Brazilian regulation, which is 0.5 μg L -1. These results suggest the importance of implementing Good Practices in obtaining feed for dairy cows, since the contamination of milk by aflatoxin M 1 occurs through the biotransformation of aflatoxin B 1 , after the ingestion of feed or silage contaminated by the animals, posing risk to the animals themselves, as well as to consumers of milk and dairy products. Keywords: aflatoxins; QuEChERS; UHPLC-FL.Practical Application: Contamination by aflatoxin M 1 of the evaluated fresh milk was high.

show abstract

“…Aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) is the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) which has been found in milk and dairy products [12]. Aflatoxin M 1 shows resistance to heat, and milk processing technologies, like pasteurization and sterilization, cannot deactivate it [6]. It is also possible for milk products, like yoghurt, butter and cheese, to be contaminated with AFM 1 because of milk contamination [8,11,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A in Raw, Pasteurized and UHT Milk in Turkey

Turkoglu

Keyvan

2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:Mycotoxins produced by yeast and fungi have toxic effects on human and animal health. Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is the most toxic hepatocarcinogen to mammals. Aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ), which has been found in milk and dairy products, is the hydroxylated metabolite of AFB 1 . Aflatoxin M 1 is formed by the cytochrome P450 enzyme in the liver. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is synthesized by Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Ochratoxin A is known to cause teratogenic, immunotoxic, nephrotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Due to the potential harmful effects on human and animal health, OTA has also been receiving increased attention globally; however, there is limited information on the presence of OTA in milk and dairy products. The aim of this study was to determine how mycotoxins impact the hygienic quality of raw and heat-processed milk. Materials, Methods & Results:In this study, a total of 105 milk samples were analyzed (35 raw, 35 pasteurized and 35 UHT) to identify AFM 1 and OTA in raw, pasteurized and ultra-high temperature processing (UHT) milk. The levels of AFM 1 were detected by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The milk samples were centrifuged in order to remove the fat content from the milk. After centrifugation, the upper cream layer was withdrawn with a pipette. The non-fat liquid portion was placed in wells at 100 μL for analysis. The concentration of AFM 1 in the milk samples was analyzed by AFM 1 test kit. The milk samples with AFM 1 levels greater than 50 ng/L were confirmed by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). An Ochratoxin A Serum / Milk ELISA test kit was used for the analyses of OTA. The analyses were made according to the manufacturer's instructions, and samples were analyzed in duplicate. The absorbance value of milk samples was obtained from the ELISA plate reader at 450 nm. The mean value of AFM 1 was found to be 19.54 ng/L in the milk samples. According to the European Commission (EC), the maximum limit for AFM 1 in milk is 50 ng/L. In our study, eight (7.61%) of the 105 samples exceeded this limit. The mean value of OTA was found to be 119 ng/L in the milk samples. The relationship between milk type and levels of AFM 1 was found to be significant at (P < 0.01). The mean value of AFM 1 in pasteurized milk was found statistically significant and lower than raw milk (P < 0.05). The difference between levels of OTA and milk type was not statistically significant at (P > 0.05). Discussion: Milk is a great protein source especially for children in the age of growth. Yeasts such as Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium produce mycotoxins that cause food, feed contamination. Owing to carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects of AFM 1 , presence of AFM 1 in milk samples may adversely affect human health. The presence of AFM 1 in different contamination levels can be observed in milk and milk products. Factors such as ration type, climate conditions, feed storage conditions, feeding regime and health status of dairy animals may be effective in the occurrenc...

show abstract

A survey on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw and processed milk samples marketed in Lebanon

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Aflatoxin M₁contamination in cow and buffalo milk samples from the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Punjab provinces of Pakistan

Aflatoxin M₁contamination in cow and buffalo milk samples from the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Punjab provinces of Pakistan

Incidence of aflatoxin M1 in fresh milk from small farms

Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A in Raw, Pasteurized and UHT Milk in Turkey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A survey on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw and processed milk samples marketed in Lebanon

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Aflatoxin M1contamination in cow and buffalo milk samples from the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Punjab provinces of Pakistan

Aflatoxin M1contamination in cow and buffalo milk samples from the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Punjab provinces of Pakistan

Incidence of aflatoxin M1 in fresh milk from small farms

Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A in Raw, Pasteurized and UHT Milk in Turkey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Aflatoxin M₁contamination in cow and buffalo milk samples from the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Punjab provinces of Pakistan

Aflatoxin M₁contamination in cow and buffalo milk samples from the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Punjab provinces of Pakistan