“…Using external events is another way to model such logic, but, it would require the specification of events in natural language. Moreover, activity-oriented approaches are difficult to apply for collaboration processes, because it is hard to predefine exact steps to follow [15]. In addition, explicit communication and coordination entities (i.e., events, message channels), intended for publishing information, do not convey any functional load and, therefore, complicate and encumber process models.…”
Section: Related Workmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2, collaboration can be seen as a network of evolving artifacts. In addition, activity-oriented approaches are difficult to apply to collaboration processes, because it is hard to predefine exact steps to follow [15]. For instance, people interactions, such as conversations and transactions, in a collaboration process are rather chaotic and unpredictable, therefore, it is easier to capture collaboration artifacts and corresponding social and semantic relations as side effects of interactions.…”
Section: Modeling Paradigmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…If captured accurately, such knowledge allows us to analyze, improve, and execute those processes with higher efficiency. Although a variety of techniques and tools have been introduced for Business Process Modelling (BPM), nevertheless, modeling of highly dynamic non-routine processes such as human collaboration is still a subject for discussion in research [15].…”
Abstract. Companies strive to retain the knowledge about their business processes by modelling them. However, non-routine people-intensive processes, such as distributed collaboration, are hard to model due to their unpredictable nature. Often such processes involve advanced activities, such as discovery of socially coherent teams or unbiased experts, or complex coordination towards reaching a consensus. Modeling such activities requires an expressive formal representation of process context, i.e. related actors and artifacts. Existing modeling approaches do not provide the necessary level of expressiveness to capture it. We therefore propose a novel modeling approach and a graphical notation, demonstrate their applicability and expressivity via several use cases, and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.
“…Using external events is another way to model such logic, but, it would require the specification of events in natural language. Moreover, activity-oriented approaches are difficult to apply for collaboration processes, because it is hard to predefine exact steps to follow [15]. In addition, explicit communication and coordination entities (i.e., events, message channels), intended for publishing information, do not convey any functional load and, therefore, complicate and encumber process models.…”
Section: Related Workmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2, collaboration can be seen as a network of evolving artifacts. In addition, activity-oriented approaches are difficult to apply to collaboration processes, because it is hard to predefine exact steps to follow [15]. For instance, people interactions, such as conversations and transactions, in a collaboration process are rather chaotic and unpredictable, therefore, it is easier to capture collaboration artifacts and corresponding social and semantic relations as side effects of interactions.…”
Section: Modeling Paradigmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…If captured accurately, such knowledge allows us to analyze, improve, and execute those processes with higher efficiency. Although a variety of techniques and tools have been introduced for Business Process Modelling (BPM), nevertheless, modeling of highly dynamic non-routine processes such as human collaboration is still a subject for discussion in research [15].…”
Abstract. Companies strive to retain the knowledge about their business processes by modelling them. However, non-routine people-intensive processes, such as distributed collaboration, are hard to model due to their unpredictable nature. Often such processes involve advanced activities, such as discovery of socially coherent teams or unbiased experts, or complex coordination towards reaching a consensus. Modeling such activities requires an expressive formal representation of process context, i.e. related actors and artifacts. Existing modeling approaches do not provide the necessary level of expressiveness to capture it. We therefore propose a novel modeling approach and a graphical notation, demonstrate their applicability and expressivity via several use cases, and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.
“…In particular, several correctness criteria and their application to specific process metamodels are discussed. In [12], a survey on flexibility criteria for business process management systems is presented. Amongst others, clearly defined responsibilities for tasks and sophisticated exception handling mechanisms are identified as important flexibility requirements for process-aware information systems.…”
We present a break-glass extension for process-related rolebased access control (RBAC) models. Our extension ensures the static (design-time) and dynamic (runtime) consistency of corresponding break-glass models. The extension is generic in the sense that it can, in principle, be used to extend arbitrary process-aware information systems or process modeling languages with support for process-related RBAC and corresponding break-glass policies. We implemented a library and runtime engine that provides full platform support for all properties of our approach.
“…• Up-to-dateness and effectiveness of a change and satisfaction with the results of the change [18][19][20], • Difficulty, cost, time, effort, and risk of implementing a change [16,17,[21][22][23]], • Extent of change and stability [24], and • Universality of the entity expected to be flexible [2].…”
IT organizations need to react to changes in the business, the domain (e.g., regulatory issues), and the technological development. While some of these changes can be handled by adopting agile practices, others might have large, irreversible effects on the organization as a whole. While flexibility and agility have found their way into software project methodologies, IT organizations struggle with their adaptation at organizational level. This paper presents preliminary results of a grounded-theory study aimed at understanding how experienced managers handle flexibility. The results are a rich empirical source for improving flexibility of an IT organization at the strategic level and also a good starting point for further research towards generalizing agile ideas beyond software projects.
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