A survey on security issues in modern Implantable Devices: Solutions and future issues

Kwarteng, Emmanuel; Cebe, Mumin

doi:10.1016/j.smhl.2022.100295

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Finally, the availability of data focuses on information assurance, which ensures that authorised users are able to access the data when needed. Examples of availability attacks include the multitude of ransomware attacks against hospitals and healthcare facilities that have been observed over recent years [ 2 ] (see Table 1 ).…”

Section: The Healthcare Sector’s Cyber Vulnerability and How It Impac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This streamlining of information, with an implantable medical device in a patient, allows for the reduction of face-to-face interactions, surgical procedures, or routine maintenance visits, thus supporting cost-effective practice measures. In the case of cardiac patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), current models are capable of: (1) monitoring physiological function in real-time by acquiring data automatically on a frequent basis (e.g., daily); (2) alerting a provider to any information and warnings about device integrity; and (3) allowing for remote monitoring of the patient’s health condition without any manual interventions from providers [ 2 , 3 ]. For patients with significant cardiac disease and/or arrhythmias, implantable electronic devices such as permanent pacemakers, defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices can assist with maintaining baseline cardiac function for the patient and the avoidance of life-threatening outcomes [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patient informed consent, ethical and legal considerations in the context of digital vulnerability with smart, cardiac implantable electronic devices

Torgersen,

Schulz,

Lugo

et al. 2024

PLOS Digit Health

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Advancements in digitalisation with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) allow patients opportunities for improved autonomy, quality of life, and a potential increase in life expectancy. However, with the digital and functional practicalities of CIEDs, there exists also cyber safety issues with transferring wireless information. If a digital network were to be hacked, a CIED patient could experience both the loss of sensitive data and the loss of functional control of the CIED due to an unwelcome party. Moreover, if a CIED patient were to become victim of a cyber attack, which resulted in a serious or lethal event, and if this information were to become public, the trust in healthcare would be impacted and legal consequences could result. A cyber attack therefore poses not only a direct threat to the patient’s health but also the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the CIED, and these cyber threats could be considered “patient-targeted threats.” Informed consent is a key component of ethical care, legally concordant practice, and promoting patient-as-partner therapeutic relationships [1]. To date, there are no standardised guidelines for listing cybersecurity risks within the informed consent or for discussing them during the consent process. Providers are responsible for adhering to the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, both in medical practice generally and the informed consent process specifically. At present, the decision to include cybersecurity risks is mainly left to the provider’s discretion, who may also have limited cyber risk information. Without effective and in-depth communication about all possible cybersecurity risks during the consent process, CIED patients can be left unaware of the privacy and physical risks they possess by carrying such a device. Therefore, cyber risk factors should be covered within the patients’ informed consent and reviewed on an ongoing basis as new risk information becomes available. By including cyber risk information in the informed consent process, patients are given the autonomy to make the best-informed decision.

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Section: The Healthcare Sector’s Cyber Vulnerability and How It Impac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient informed consent, ethical and legal considerations in the context of digital vulnerability with smart, cardiac implantable electronic devices

Torgersen,

Schulz,

Lugo

et al. 2024

PLOS Digit Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Kwarteng et al [28] mentioned some security threats of IMDs. DoS (Denial of Service) attack is one of them, this type of attack reduce the battery life expectancy.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

VXorPUF: A Vedic Principles - Based Hybrid XOR Arbiter PUF for Robust Security in IoMT

Mahmud¹,

Sadhu²,

Yanambaka³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is playing a pivotal role in the healthcare sector by allowing faster and more informed hospital care, personalized treatment, and medical solutions. A very effective and trustworthy solution for resource-constrained medical devices is provided by Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) - based identity and authentication systems, however they are not yet entirely reliable. This paper proposes VXorPUF, a Vedic Principles - Based Hybrid XOR Arbiter PUF. Modeling attacks were performed on the proposed architecture and an accuracy of 49.80 % was achieved. Uniqueness, Reliability and Randomness were the figures of merit used to evaluate PUF.

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“…• Conducting regular software updates Conducting regular software updates, which is necessary for identifying potential cyberattack vulnerabilities in MDS, is a challenge for the developers due to the strict safety requirements of MDs which use the MDS [40]. Any software update must undergo thorough testing to ensure that it does not introduce new bugs or security vulnerabilities that could compromise patient safety.…”

Section: Preventing Cyberattacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Security Challenges in AI-Enabled Medical Device Software

Jayaneththi,

McCaffery,

Regan

2023

2023 31st Irish Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science (AICS)

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The potential of AI to develop innovative applications that can benefit healthcare professionals and patients has created interest, especially in Medical Device Software (MDS) domain. However, the adoption of AI in MDS domain has created several challenges which include: making AI transparent; gaps in clarifying accountability; risk associated with the adaptive nature of AI algorithms; mitigating bias in data; lack of regulatory guidelines specific for AI; and assuring data security. Assuring data security is crucial for AIenabled MDS, as compromising sensitive personal health data can create privacy and ethical concerns and sometimes lead to life threatening issues. In this paper, we discuss the importance of adopting AI in the healthcare domain, the importance of data security in AI-enabled MDS, and the data security challenges that AI has brought to the healthcare industry. Additionally, we consider the reasons for the existence of these challenges. The challenges discussed in this paper are in relation to (1) preventing data breaches; (2) preventing adversarial attacks; (3) preventing cyberattacks; (4) preventing insider threats; (5) lack of skilled and trained staff in data security; and (6) complexity of existing standards and lack of security control implementation details.

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A survey on security issues in modern Implantable Devices: Solutions and future issues

Cited by 16 publications

References 77 publications

Patient informed consent, ethical and legal considerations in the context of digital vulnerability with smart, cardiac implantable electronic devices

Patient informed consent, ethical and legal considerations in the context of digital vulnerability with smart, cardiac implantable electronic devices

VXorPUF: A Vedic Principles - Based Hybrid XOR Arbiter PUF for Robust Security in IoMT

Data Security Challenges in AI-Enabled Medical Device Software

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