A survey on security attacks and countermeasures with primary user detection in cognitive radio networks

Abstract

Currently, there are several ongoing efforts for the definition of new regulation policies, paradigms, and technologies aiming a more efficient usage of the radio spectrum. In this context, cognitive radio (CR) emerges as one of the most promising players by enabling the dynamic access to vacant frequency bands on a non-interference basis. However, the intrinsic characteristic of CR opens new ways for attackers, namely in the context of the effective detection of incumbent or primary users (PUs), the most fundamental and challenging requirement for the successful operation of CR networks. In this article, we provide a global and integrated vision of the main threats affecting CR environments in the context of the detection of primary users, with a particular focus on spectrum sensing data falsification and primary user emulation attacks. We also address solutions and research challenges still required to address such threats. Our discussion aims at being complete and self-contained, while also targeting readers with no specific background on this important topic of CR environments. It is, as far as our knowledge goes, the first work providing a global and clear vision of security threats and countermeasures in the context of primary user detection in CR.

IDsMA: An integrated digital signature and mutual authentication mechanism for securing the cognitive radio networks

“…In which, identifying the position and velocity of the mobile nodes is an important process. Also, it is essential to determine the channel allocation and spectrum coefficient for satisfying the traffic demand . The following conditions must be satisfied for improving the QoS of the CRN: scheduling must be properly performed based on the priority. Network collision must be avoided even high levels of traffic. Also, delay must be reduced and throughput should be improved with high queuing condition. …”

“…Also, it is essential to determine the channel allocation and spectrum coefficient for satisfying the traffic demand. 3 The following conditions must be satisfied for improving the QoS of the CRN:…”

“…Network collision must be avoided even high levels of traffic. 3. Also, delay must be reduced and throughput should be improved with high queuing condition.…”

A primary user emulation attack with motional users in cognitive radio networks

“…It is one of the earliest and the most problems in the security of cognitive radio networks. Now, PUEA has become a problem of security threats, which can lead to serious DOS (denial of service) in cognitive radio networks by the widespread concern [2]. Z. JIN proposed an analytical model as a detection mechanism for DoS apply, especially proposed an analysis me-thod for PUEA, using Fenton's approximation method and Wald's continuous probability ratio test [3].…”

“…The range of the MU attack is a loop area, the outer radius of the loop is2 r , and the inner radius is 1 SU's exclusive protection distance, and the size of the 2 r is limited by the transmission power of the MU. MU can be informed of the value time, accurately.…”