A Survey on Reversible Watermarking for Multimedia Content: A Robustness Overview

Feregrino-Uribe, Claudia; Hasimoto-Beltrán, Rogelio; García-Hernández, José Juan

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2940972

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Its applications are continuously branching out to new advents in technology; for example, the process of watermarking a neural network is known as "passporting" [22,23], security in cloud storage systems [24,25], electronic money transfers, e-governance [26]. However, the use of watermarking for purposes of copyright protection and authentication has always been a key focus ever since its arrival [27,28], thus is also the focus of this discussion. The state-of-the-art methods that have influenced the proposed scheme are discussed and summarised in this section and Table 1, respectively.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single watermark based scheme for both protection and authentication of identities

Sharma

Zou

Fang

2022

IET Image Processing

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The security of a watermarking scheme is mainly categorised as either robust or fragile. The former can withstand an authorised alteration/attack, primarily used in copyright protection. The latter follows a zero tolerance towards any modification, used primarily in content authentication processes. The existing literature in the field projects that two separate watermarks are required to make a watermarking scheme robust and fragile, thus making the overall process cumbersome and complex. A novel image watermarking scheme that uses only one watermark while achieving both goals of copyright protection and authentication of identities is presented. An unconventional concept of checkpointing is introduced, which equips the proposed scheme to be either robust or fragile, making it superior in its application versatility. First, watermark embedding within the host/original image is achieved by a combination of transform domain techniques along with a novel median‐based embedding block selection procedure. Second, checkpointing is performed in the spatial domain. The watermarked image in the absence of an attack is correlated to the one that is being attacked, using the template energy comparison‐based approach. In the case of the robust watermark, such checkpointing can establish whether the carried out attack is authorised or not, determining the successful recovery of the watermark or vice‐versa. Moreover, in the case of the fragile watermark, a sole confirmation of the occurrence of an attack is sufficient to make the watermark recovery impossible. Finally, the experimental analysis of the proposed scheme illustrates its excellent performance and superiority over state‐of‐the‐art methods within the field.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single watermark based scheme for both protection and authentication of identities

Sharma

Zou

Fang

2022

IET Image Processing

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“…The aim of this paper is to propose an attempt to overcome this limitation. Watermarking techniques can offer these properties [28]. We are interested in the Sari et al's work which offers this fulfillment capability.…”

Section: Jpeg Image Steganographymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient DCT-SVD Steganographic Approach Applied to JPEG Images

Tchakounté¹,

Kamdem²,

Kamgang³

et al. 2020

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelligen

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To prove the origin of images in social media, this work proposes an efficient JPEG image steganography approach. After structuring the cover image into blocks of 8*8 pixels, Discrete Cosine Transform is applied to each block of pixels. The latter are quantified using a quantization table and a matrix of DC coefficients from quantized blocks of pixels, is obtained. Singular Value Decomposition is applied to the previous matrix and the secret message is inserted within singular vectors. For extraction purposes, previous transformations are followed reversely. An experimentation is made on seven images and results show that the proposed system outperforms similar studies in three aspects (i) it preserves stego image quality with PSNR of stego images varying between 38 and 54 (ii) it is able to insert a secret message of 257600 bits with the capacity of 4 bits per pixel (iii) it is robust and resistant to attacks such as histogram analysis and chi-square test.

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“…Despite its protection capabilities, conventional digital watermarking produces distortion in the host signal. These distortions are not acceptable for critical applications such as medical or military imaging [1]. Reversible watermarking schemes (RWSs) emerge as an option to overcome the distortion induced by classical marking schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Framework for Robust Image Reversible Watermarking

2022

Self Cite

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In the literature, robust reversible watermarking schemes (RWSs) allow the extraction of watermarks after the images have suffered attacks; however, the modified images are compromised. On the other hand, self-recovery schemes will restore the compromised regions of the images, but no secret messages are inserted in these schemes. A framework for robust reversible watermarking with signal restoration capabilities was previously proposed in the literature. This study selects four fragile reversible watermarking techniques and two self-recovery schemes to design different framework configurations. These configurations are evaluated to test the framework’s performance and determine the structure that yields better results in terms of perceptual transparency using a well-known image database as the signal input. It was found that fragile reversible watermarking schemes hold low perceptual distortion, while self-recovery schemes produce high perceptual distortion levels. The inherent characteristics of each algorithm determine, a priori, the behavior of the framework, which is approximated by a proposed equation.

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A Survey on Reversible Watermarking for Multimedia Content: A Robustness Overview

Cited by 41 publications

References 128 publications

A single watermark based scheme for both protection and authentication of identities

A single watermark based scheme for both protection and authentication of identities

An Efficient DCT-SVD Steganographic Approach Applied to JPEG Images

Evaluation of a Framework for Robust Image Reversible Watermarking

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