A Survey on Optimal Control and Operation of Integrated Energy Systems

Abstract

At present, the transformation of energy structure is at a critical stage, and emerging renewable energy technologies and multienergy equipment have been widely used. How to improve the energy efficiency of integrated energy system (IES) and promote large-scale absorption of renewable energy is of great significance to the application forms of energy in the future. The development of new internet technology and sensor technology provides strong technical support for the optimal operation and coordinated control of IES. In recent years, the IES is experiencing unprecedented changes, which has attracted great attention from academia and industry. In this paper, the optimal control and operation behavior of IES are reviewed. Firstly, the research status of IES in recent years is summarized. Then, the modeling methods of different equipment in IES are analyzed in detail. The optimal operation of user, regional, and cross-regional IES are taken as typical research objects and the research status of optimization problems and operation modes, energy management planning, and power market allocation are summarized and analyzed. Finally, the key scientific issues and related frontier technologies in the IES are concluded, and the future research directions are prospected.

Stochastic multi‐objective expansion of renewable resources in distribution systems incorporating responsive loads towards achieving zero energy structure

“…The proposed multi-objective planning is composed of total costs and the released pollution. 33 The investment and operation costs are formulated by (1), where the first term determines the cost of imported power from the main grid, the second and third terms declare the investment and operation costs of PVs and WTs, respectively. The environmental pollution penalty due to providing power from the main grid is specified by the fourth term as well.…”

“…According to the target of "40-27-27" agreement, by 2030, greenhouse gases emission, renewable resources generation and energy efficiency should be equal to 40%, 27% and 27%, respectively. 1 The expansion of renewable distributed generations (DGs) is suggested as an acceptable solution to achieve the mentioned goals. 2 Since such components have limited capacities, they should be used widely.…”

Autonomous Cooperative Control for Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids Considering Multi-Energy Complementarity

“…Compared to a pure AC MG or a DC MG, which need corresponding DC/AC converters to connect with AC (or DC) sources and loads, a hybrid AC/DC MG can integrate AC and DC DGs and loads, which reduces the power conversion process and improves energy conversion efficiency (Loh et al, 2013a;Loh et al, 2013b;Unamuno and Barrena, 2015;Jia et al, 2018;Su et al, 2019). Besides, if adjacent AC MGs and DC MGs can be flexibly interconnected in the form of clusters, the system can accept AC and DC renewable energy systems and loads efficiently, and the reliability and operation stability of the whole system can be enhanced (He and Giesselmann, 2015;Xia et al, 2018a;Xia et al, 2018b;Wei et al, 2019a;Cheng et al, 2019). The control strategy for hybrid AC/DC MGs is the key to maintaining stable operation and realizing the matching targets of the system, such as smooth power transfer (Liu et al, 2011).…”

“…By using ice as an energy storage medium, large air-conditioning systems can store energy in the low power supply period and supply cooling load in the peak power supply period of a power grid. Ice storage systems have the following advantages: 1) alleviating the shortage of power supply during the peak power supply period and 2) using peak-valley electricity pricing of different areas to save electricity costs (Ding et al, 2014;Ge et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2017;Wei et al, 2019a). A comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation of a hybrid system integrating a ground source heat pump and ice storage technologies in an office building is given in (Zhang, 2016).…”

Economic Feasibility Analysis of PVAC and TAC of Three Typical Application Cases in China

“…However, with the ever-increasing penetration rate of renewable electricity power generation, problems of intermittence and fluctuation threaten the security of the grid significantly [14]. ough the introduction of the smart grid can solve these problems partly, the origin cannot be solved [15].…”