A Survey on Mismatching and Aging of PV Modules: The Closed Loop

Manganiello, Patrizio; Balato, Marco; Vitelli, M.

doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2418731

Cited by 166 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…It is assumed that, as a first step, the P&O algorithm imposes a positive variation to V PV (DV P&O ¼ þjDV P&O j). If the P&O algorithm is correctly designed, after T P&O seconds the PV source will work at the steady state in point (2). Since the steady-state value P PV(2) is greater than the steady-state value P PV(1) , the next perturbation of V PV will have the same sign as the previous one and hence the operating point will continue to move toward the MPP.…”

Section: Perturb and Observementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, another important aspect to consider is the efficiency of the MPPT technique under stationary and/or time-varying nonuniform conditions, that is, in mismatching conditions. The term mismatching is used to indicate a situation in which the PV modules of an array operate in nonuniform conditions due to dirtiness, manufacturing tolerances, aging, different orientation of parts of the PV field (e.g., in building-integrated PV systems), clouds, shadows, and so on (2). In the case of mismatch, the P-V characteristic of the PV field (composed by paralleled strings of PV modules) may exhibit more than one peak, due to the adoption of bypass diodes, and MPPT algorithms often fail causing a severe decrease of the overall system efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques

Balato

Costanzo

Vitelli

2016

Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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An essential objective for many photovoltaic (PV) applications is represented by the so‐called maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Under uniform irradiance and ambient temperature conditions, the power versus voltage characteristic of a PV array is characterized by the presence of a unique point, termed maximum power point (MPP), where the power provided by the array itself attains its maximum value. Any other operating point leads to the extraction of a smaller PV energy. Therefore, in order to avoid the waste of PV energy, the working of the array in its MPP is mandatory. Since the position of the MPP continuously changes in time as a function of irradiance and temperature, it is necessary to continuously track it. Such an objective can be obtained by using proper MPPT control techniques. A large number of papers have appeared in the scientific literature during the last 15 years on the issue of MPPT, and as a result it may be difficult to decide the best technique for a given application. Therefore, this survey may hopefully be beneficial to students, researchers, and practitioners in PV systems. The article overviews the representative PV MPPT algorithms, organized into four main groups. The first group contains the so‐called “hill climbing” techniques, the second group contains the “curve fitting” techniques, the third group contains the “dynamical” techniques, and the fourth group includes all the techniques that do not belong to the first three groups.

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Section: Perturb and Observementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques

Balato

Costanzo

Vitelli

2016

Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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“…At first sight, the link existing between the reliability of a PV array and the efforts to extract its maximum possible power (MPPT) may seem to be weak. However, as shown in this paper, different PV array operating points lead to different temperature distributions, which in turn lead to different durations of life or at least to different degradation rates of the array itself [4]. Therefore, it is clear that the aging process, which is related to the PV module temperature distribution, can be accelerated or delayed by properly regulating the operating point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It is well known that, in photovoltaic (PV) systems, mismatching due to partial shading, shadows of neighboring objects, dirtiness, clouds, different orientation angles of modules of the PV field, soiling, manufacturing tolerances, or ageing can cause reduced reliability and significant losses in the energy yield [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Even with the commonly used bypass diodes, mismatched cells may become reverse biased [7] and dissipate power, leading to dangerous localized heating phenomena called hot spots that in turn may cause accelerated ageing or even the damage of the cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This increase in the cell temperature will gradually degrade the output power generated by the PV module [8,9]. As discussed in [4], the operating temperature of the PV modules has a huge impact on their aging. In fact, the higher the operating temperature, the higher the probability of discoloration of the encapsulant material, module delamination, creation of bubbles, and corrosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Link between the Operating Point and the Temperature Distribution in PV Arrays Working under Mismatching Conditions

Costanzo

Vitelli

2018

International Journal of Photoenergy

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Mismatching operating conditions negatively affect the extracted energy in photovoltaic (PV) systems. They may also lead to dangerous localized heating phenomena (hot spots) that can cause, in turn, accelerated ageing and reduced reliability. Since the adoption of bypass diodes or smart active switches does not prevent the occurrence of hotspots, it is necessary to investigate alternative strategies. A promising solution is represented by the proper regulation of the operating point of the PV cells in the current vs. voltage (I-V) or power vs. voltage (P-V) planes when mismatching conditions occur. In particular, in this paper, the existence of operating points allowing a suitable compromise between maximization of the extracted power and minimization of thermal stresses, due to hot spots, is experimentally evidenced. Experimental results highlighting the link existing between the operating point in the I-V plane and the PV cell temperature distribution under uniform and mismatching operating conditions are presented and discussed. On the basis of the obtained experimental results, it is possible to state that, when mismatching conditions occur, it is mandatory to properly choose the operating point: the global maximum power point may not be the best operating point. Hence, it is crucial to gain information about the eventual occurrence of mismatching conditions in order to be able to properly choose the best operating point. Therefore, another crucial aspect that is evidenced in this paper is represented by the fact that the detection of the occurrence of mismatching conditions, based on the analysis of the shape of the I-V and/or P-V characteristics, is effective only if the analysis is carried out for both positive and negative voltages.

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Photovoltaic Module Fault. Part 1: Detection with Image Processing Approaches

Kurukuru

Haque

2022

Fault Analysis and Its Impact on Grid‐connected Photovoltaic Systems Performance

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A Survey on Mismatching and Aging of PV Modules: The Closed Loop

Cited by 166 publications

References 78 publications

Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques

Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques

On the Link between the Operating Point and the Temperature Distribution in PV Arrays Working under Mismatching Conditions

Photovoltaic Module Fault. Part 1: Detection with Image Processing Approaches

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