A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy

wang, yuntao; Zhou, Shunhua; Zhang, Ning; Liu, Dongxiao; xing, rui; Luan, Tom H.; Shen, Xuemin

doi:10.36227/techrxiv.19255058

Cited by 65 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…These will also be linked with the digital memory and experiences of the user [13]. Identity will be a crucial component for any metaverse [12]. VR authentication methods [14] will be used to enter the metaverse.…”

Section: Identity In Metaversementioning

confidence: 99%

SSI meets Metaverse for Industry 4.0 and Beyond

Cali¹,

Ferdous²,

Karaarslan³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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<p>As the global industrial complex gears toward fulfilling the tenets of Industry 4.0 and beyond, technologies such as distributed ledger technologies, digital twins, and artificial intelligence become pivotal enablers. In the last decade, metaverse as a concept and technology found its place among crucial enablers for technology and digital advancement across several engineering domains. Metaverse has the potential to combine the elements from distributed computing platforms, the digital evolution of physical systems, and advanced learning systems to unearth a fully digitized world of comparative properties of the real world. We should ensure the privacy, integrity, and confidentiality of personal data. These requirements will lead to proper identity management in the metaverse. Given the complex nature of the metaverse, traditional centralized systems may not offer a viable identity management solution. Therefore, this study explores a decentralized identity management system called the Self-sovereign Identity (SSI) as a logical alternative to traditional centralized identity management systems. The proposed holistic framework aims to ignite new ideas and discussions related to the combined deployment of DLT, SSI, and metaverse to inspire new implementation areas within the Industry 4.0 environment. The paper also discusses various opportunities, enablers, technical \& privacy aspects, legislation requirements, and other barriers related to SSI implementation.</p>

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Section: Identity In Metaversementioning

confidence: 99%

SSI meets Metaverse for Industry 4.0 and Beyond

Cali¹,

Ferdous²,

Karaarslan³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, metaverse, as the evolving paradigm of the next generation of the Internet [29], will contain enormous amounts of applications and bring new challenges to the SSI. Metaverse is considered as a massive virtual environment parallel to the physical world, in which users interact through digital avatars [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metaverse is considered as a massive virtual environment parallel to the physical world, in which users interact through digital avatars [30]. at is, digital avatars are executable programs that own and control their identities for the user's physical self [29,30]. However, the digital identities (static strings or updatable chains) in the existing SSI schemes are all used as inputs to a third-party executable program (mobile app, smart contract, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NSSIA: A New Self-Sovereign Identity Scheme with Accountability

Lyu

Cheng

et al. 2022

Security and Communication Networks

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Self-sovereign identity (SSI) is a new distributed method for identity management, commonly used to address the problem that users are lack of control over their identities. However, the excessive pursuit of self-sovereignty in the most existing SSI schemes hinders sanctions against attackers. To deal with the malicious behavior, a few SSI schemes introduce accountability mechanisms, but they sacrifice users’ privacy. In addition, the digital identities (static strings or updatable chains) in the existing SSI schemes are as inputs to a third-party executable program (mobile app, smart contract, etc.) to achieve identity reading, storing and proving, and users’ self-sovereignty are weakened. To solve the above problems, we present a new self-sovereign identity scheme to strike a balance between privacy and accountability and get rid of the dependence on the third-party program. In our scheme, one and only individual-specific executable code is generated as a digital avatar-i for each human to interact with others in cyberspace without a third-party program, in which the embedding of biometrics enhances uniqueness and user control over their identity. In addition, a joint accountability mechanism, which is based on the shamir (t, n) threshold algorithm and a consortium blockchain, is designed to restrict the power of each regulatory authority and protect users’ privacy. Finally, we analyze the security, SSI properties and conduct detailed experiments in terms of the cost of computation, storage, and blockchain gas. The analysis results indicate that our scheme resists the known attacks and fulfills all the six SSI properties. Compared with the state-of-the-art schemes, the extensive experiment results show that the cost is larger in server storage, blockchain storage, and blockchain gas, but is still low enough for practical situations.

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“…Because we aim for the metaverse to be unbounded by geographical borders, a single crime could affect several nations, leading to technical and standard-related difficulties during investigation. Allocating all regulation rights to a few would not align with the vision of the metaverse having decentralized, democratic governance [3]. To the best of our knowledge, although individual countries have formulated metaverse-related policies 9 , no universal framework exists yet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Many works explore ways the developer could protect user privacy, security, and safety. Several works in [3], a September 2022 survey, propose algorithm-based and other technical countermeasures against threats to authentication, data management, privacy, physical safety, and the virtual economy, among others. We will focus on what constraints should be imposed and how to enforce them rather than how developers could implement them.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity, Crimes, and Law Enforcement in the Metaverse

Qin¹,

Wang²,

Hui³

2022

Preprint

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With the boom in metaverse-related projects in major areas of the public's life, the safety of users becomes a pressing concern. We believe that an international legal framework should be established to promote collaboration among nations, facilitate crime investigation, and support democratic governance. In this paper, we discuss the legal concerns of identity, crimes that could occur based on incidents in existing virtual worlds, and challenges to unified law enforcement in the metaverse.

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A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy

Cited by 65 publications

References 61 publications

SSI meets Metaverse for Industry 4.0 and Beyond

SSI meets Metaverse for Industry 4.0 and Beyond

NSSIA: A New Self-Sovereign Identity Scheme with Accountability

Identity, Crimes, and Law Enforcement in the Metaverse

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