A Survey on Localization and Covering Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has gained popularity in diverse application fields owing to the inexpensive sensor nodes also called as motes. These sensor nodes are either deployed randomly or placed manually depending on the type of applications. The services of WSN are tremendously being used in application areas such as disaster relief, search and rescue, target tracking, battlefield and many more. Due to the application of WSN in such environments, it is not possible to manually deploy sensor nodes and therefore, the nodes are randomly deployed in the area of interest. Due to the random placement of the sensor nodes, it becomes essential to determine the location of the nodes in order to facilitate communication between nodes as well as Base Station (BS). Further, in case of random node deployment, the usual practice is to deploy a very large number of nodes (more than that of the requirement) in the area of interest. This is done in order to achieve fault tolerance, thus opening a large number of research directions to determine the optimal number of nodes participating in WSN 'covering' problem. This paper deals with an insight on the various localization and coverage techniques used in WSN. Further this paper tries to establish the interdependence between the localization and covering techniques.

Design of a New Lightweight Accurate Grid-Based Localization Method for WASN

“…Energy-based techniques for acoustic source localization based on received signal strength (RSS) measurements are explored in this section. Interested readers are referred to surveys for more details [4][13][6] [5]. The approaches can be categorized as follows:…”

“…Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks (WASNs) consists of a set of acoustic sensors distributed densely over a specific area to exchange information wirelessly with the end-user through the sink node. One of the key responsibilities of WASN is to provide location information corresponding to the observed physical acoustic event making their data geographically meaningful for surveillance sake [4]. The localization process is estimated based on energy readings of the acoustic signal generated by the target.…”

“…Typically, acoustic sensor nodes in WASN are densely scattered in the monitoring area to obtain accurate acoustic target recognition and localization being closer to the event. The nodes are assumed with known positions and organized into clusters by adopting an appropriate energyefficient clustering algorithm where distance and residual energy of nodes are typically considered [13] [5] [4]; however, this paper is not addressing the clustering process. Each cluster is composed of different member nodes responsible for acoustic target detection based on the emitted signal's power.…”

“…Many acoustic-based applications, including endangered animals tracking [1], vehicle monitoring [2], speech localizing [3], rely mainly on the availability of the target's location information to accomplish the required tasks involved in such applications. In this context, WASN could be deployed to provide location information corresponding to the observed physical acoustic targets [4].…”

I-DWRL: Improved Dual Wireless Radio Localization Using Magnetometer

“…Localization in WSN is an active area of research with several surveys [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] and more than 50 localization algorithms. Localization techniques can be generally categorized as the following: absolute vs. relative centralized vs. decentralized range free vs. range based anchor vs. anchorless.…”