A survey on extremism analysis using natural language processing: definitions, literature review, trends and challenges

Torregrosa, Javier; Bello-Orgaz, Gema; Martínez‐Cámara, Eugenio; Ser, Javier Del; Camacho, David

doi:10.1007/s12652-021-03658-z

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…A corpus can consist of texts in multiple languages, known as a multilingual corpus, or texts in just one language, known as a monolingual corpus. Within extremism identi cation, the scarcity of data is a signi cant obstacle (Torregrosa et al 2022), as only a limited number of datasets are accessible on the internet. Our research involves the creation of three multilingual corpora, two of which focus on extremism and the remaining one on radicalization.…”

Section: Corpus Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilingual Text Preprocessing and Classification For The Detection Of Extremism And Radicalization In Social Networks

Zerrouki,

Benblidia

2024

Preprint

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Due to the lack of strict controls on social networks, extremist groups like ISIS, Al-Qaeda, and white supremacists have taken advantage of these platforms to spread their ideas, distribute harmful content, and recruit new members. The information distributed through these channels is comprehensive, diverse, and conveyed in multiple languages. The study of online extremism and radicalization is a multifaceted and intricate area of research. The efficacy of machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing (NLP) algorithms has been demonstrated. Although the majority of research in this field focuses on the analysis of data in a single language, there needs to be more studies on the analysis of multilingual data, specifically about detecting extremism in multilingual material. This research paper introduces the fabrication of an artificial intelligence system that leverages multilingual text posts from social networks to identify instances of extremism and radicalization. We utilize natural language processing (NLP) linguistic methods and text classification to identify extremism and radicalization in text data. Our study results are outstanding. The Bi-LSTM (Bidirectional et al.) model demonstrates a binary classification accuracy of 97.33%, and the multiclass classification accuracy of the Transformer-based model, which employs the DistilBERT-multi (Distilled version of the Multilingual Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) pre-trained model, is 91.07%. The findings above show significant progress in multiclass multilingual text classification and the detection of extremism and radicalization within social networks.

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Section: Corpus Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilingual Text Preprocessing and Classification For The Detection Of Extremism And Radicalization In Social Networks

Zerrouki,

Benblidia

2024

Preprint

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“…Jihad can intercede for the bereaved family F. Gunawan, S. Kuraedah, A. M. Amir, M. F. Ubaidillah & S. Boulahnane, Transitivity and critical discourse analysis on a testament: A woman's involvement in jihad | 530 and send them to heaven. Torregrosa et al (2022) reported that war against the Thagut government is an integral part of the Salafi jihadist's narrative construction. They use a negative tone, specific slang, and idioms demonstrating their unique language style such as 'playing football' which refers to war against government security staff.…”

Section: Concept Of Struggle In the Context Of Religious Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitivity and critical discourse analysis on a testament: A woman’s involvement in jihad

Gunawan

Kuraedah

Amir

et al. 2023

SiELE

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While a plethora of scholars have explored a growing body of research on women’s involvement in Jihad, there is still a paucity of studies addressing it using the hybridity of transitivity analysis and critical discourse analysis. The present study examined a testament left by an Indonesian woman involved in what she fallaciously called ‘Jihad’. To collect the data, the document analysis was adopted, meanwhile, Halliday and Matthiessen’s transitivity analysis (2004) and Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis (2003) were employed to analyze the data. The findings demonstrated that the experience of the woman’s involvement in jihad was described by the dominant use of material process verbs (59.4%), followed by relational process (19%), mental process (13.5%), and verbal process (8.1%). The transitivity analysis showcases that the testament is not an average text with a religious message or instructions to deal with the left property; instead, it contains a message of the Salafi Jihadist ideology of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which might put people’s lives in peril. The five core teachings of ISIS encapsulate the message of ideological teachings, including jihad (struggle in the context of religious war), takfiri (ex-communication), al-wala’ and al-barra’ (loyalty and disavowal for the sake of God), tauhid (unitary oneness of God), and tahkimiyah (the rule of God – both religiously and politically). The study findings implicate that we must raise awareness of all kinds of testaments left by the jihadi woman because these testaments may contain a global jihadist doctrine. With this in mind, we will not be easily persuaded to join a Salafi jihadist organization.

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“…Petri nets [49] A Petri net is a mathematical language tool used for analyzing concurrent processes that occur in multicomponent systems (distributed systems). Natural Language Processing (NLP) [50] NLP employs a collection of computational techniques for making human languages accessible to computers, particularly with the goal of enabling computers to interpret and generate human language. Multi-objective Optimization [51] A multi-objective optimization problem is a problem dealing with more than one objective function.…”

Section: Reference Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Decision Support in Search and Rescue: A Systematic Literature Review

Nasar

Torres

Gundersen

et al. 2023

IJGI

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Whenever natural and human-made disasters strike, the proper response of the concerned authorities often relies on search and rescue services. Search and rescue services are complex multidisciplinary processes that involve several degrees of interdependent assignments. To handle such complexity, decision support systems are used for decision-making and execution of plans within search and rescue operations. Advances in data management solutions and artificial intelligence technologies have provided better opportunities to make more efficient and effective decisions that can lead to improved search and rescue operations. This paper provides findings from a bibliometric mapping and a systematic literature review performed to: (1) identify existing search and rescue processes that use decision support systems, data management solutions, and artificial intelligence technologies; (2) do a comprehensive analysis of existing solutions in terms of their research contributions to the investigated domain; and (3) investigate the potential for knowledge transfer between application areas. The main findings of this review are that non-conventional data management solutions are commonly used in land rescue operations and that geographical information systems have been integrated with various machine learning approaches for land rescue. However, there is a gap in the existing research on search and rescue decision support at sea, which can motivate future studies within this specific application area.

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A survey on extremism analysis using natural language processing: definitions, literature review, trends and challenges

Cited by 17 publications

References 144 publications

Multilingual Text Preprocessing and Classification For The Detection Of Extremism And Radicalization In Social Networks

Multilingual Text Preprocessing and Classification For The Detection Of Extremism And Radicalization In Social Networks

Transitivity and critical discourse analysis on a testament: A woman’s involvement in jihad

The Use of Decision Support in Search and Rescue: A Systematic Literature Review

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