A Survey on Energy Efficiency for Wireless Mesh Network

Abstract

Reducing CO 2 emissions is an important global environmental issue. Over the recent years, wireless and mobile communications have increasingly become popular with consumers. An increasingly popular type of wireless access is the so-called Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) that provide wireless connectivity through much cheaper and more flexible backhaul infrastructure compared with wired solutions. Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is an emerging new technology which is being adopted as the wireless internetworking solution for the near future. Due to increased energy consumption in the information and communication technology (ICT) industries, and its consequent environmental effects, energy efficiency has become a key factor to evaluate the performance of a communication network. This paper mainly focuses on classification layer of the largest existing approaches dedicated to energy conservation. It is also discussing the most interesting works on energy saving in WMNs networks. KEYWORDSWireless mesh network (WMN), 802.11s, energy saving, routing protocols, MAC protocols. ENERGY CONSERVATION IN NETWORK LAYERThe network layer is responsible for network self-configuration and data routing. For configuring network topology, the network layer select an appropriate mode for a node and determines the most suitable neighbors with which to associate and form communication links.The routing protocols enable a network to make dynamic adjustments to its conditions; these decisions do not have to be predetermined and static. Even though the routing protocols functions are plausible, they still face challenges in energy efficiency.Routing protocols can be classified into three, namely: Table-driven, the Demand-driven and the Hybrid routing protocols. The table-driven routing protocols are also known as proactive routing protocol; each node maintains one or more tables which have routing information to all other nodes within the network. In this protocol, all nodes update each other on the same network and further update their tables to maintain a consistent and up-to-date view of the network. Demand-driven well known as reactive routing protocols creates routes only when desired by the source node [6]. When a node requires a route to its destination, it initiates a route discovery process within the network. The process is completed once a route is found or all possible route permutations had been examined. The hybrid routing protocols combines both the table-driven and the Demand-driven routing protocols to transport the packets from the source to the destination. It takes both the advantages of table-driven and on demand-driven routing protocols. One of the popular Hybrids routing protocol in the WMN is Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) [7]. This is a default routing protocol for IEEE 802.11s, which is consists of two features, namely: it is table-driven; and also an on-demand protocol. This protocol is based on the protocol called RM-OADV (Radio Metric-Ad Hoc on-Demand Vector) routing protocol, which is the extension of AODV. ...

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“…Therefore, a large portion of the client's energy wastage comes from the access points transmitting other clients' packets before it finishes transmitting the client's last packet to it. SOFA manages to reduce such energy wastage by maximizing the total sleep time of all clients [96], [78].…”

“…We shall see a number of ways this can be achieved. It must, however be mentioned that it is not just at the physical layer that the devices can be designed to save energy but also at the data link and network layers [78]. At the physical layer the built in power save modes of the devices may be exploited.…”

“…Therefore, a large portion of the client's energy wastage comes from the access points transmitting other clients' packets before it finishes transmitting the client's last packet to it. SOFA manages to reduce such energy wastage by maximizing the total sleep time of all clients [96], [78].e) MT-MAC (Multi-hop TDMA Energy-efficient Sleeping MAC) Protocol: In order to improve the performance of energy efficiency, throughput and delay in WMSN, Multi-hop TDMA Energy-efficient Sleeping MAC (MT-MAC) protocol can be used. The main idea of MT-MAC is to divide one frame into many slots for nodes (primarily sensor) to forward data packets, with TDMA scheduling method.…”

Energy Efficiency Cross Layer Protocol for Wireless Mesh Network

“…Generally, there are two families of routing protocols [4]: routing protocols called proactive, anticipating the demand for packet routing and reactive routing protocols that respond to the request. Between these two families, a new approach is emerging: it is the protocols called "hybrid" which are inspired by both proactive and reactive protocols.…”

ABI: A mechanism for increasing video delivery quality in multi-radio Wireless Mesh Networks

“…RELATED WORD Energy efficiency in WMNs has gain attention in last years due to the increased interest in reducing the communication energy consumption. Many solutions to minimise the energy consumption have been proposed in the past and studies, such as [2], have classified the existing approaches dedicated to energy saving in WMNs at different layers: network layer (performing energy-efficient routing [3]), data-link layer (through powerefficient MAC protocols [4]) and physical layer (controlling the transmission power of a node [5]). However, none of the above mentioned works consider the possibility of switching on and off the radios of a multi-radio node belonging to a wireless network for saving energy and increasing the QoS for the end-users in the same time.…”